The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1384 Words

The Great Unattainable Dream Riddled with love, passion, and dismay, The Great Gatsby, set in 1922, is a widely known and critiqued novel in which the characters feverishly attempt to accomplish their dreams, move up the social ladder, and pursue their love interests. The novel s main purpose, at first glance, appears to be to follow the love interest between Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan. Although the book seems to signify struggle and tragedy for the lovers, the entirety of the book is imbedded with a completely different idea. Through the course of the book, we follow along through the eyes of Nick Caraway as the world of The Great Gatsby unfolds before our eyes, revealing the true nature of both Gatsby s world and our reality. The†¦show more content†¦Fitzgerald describes the Valley of Ashes as a place where, â€Å"†¦ashes take the forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of men who move dimly and already crumbling thr ough the powdery air† (Fitzgerald 23). This quote demonstrates how despite their superior work ethic, they never progress or advance to a higher social class- they are stuck in the ashes. They slave in the hopes that someday they may escape and rise from the ashes, but no one ever does. Covered in charcoal dust, their bodies are consumed and hidden in darkness, symbolizing the suppression of their hopes and their American Dreams. Inside the Valley of Ashes comes Myrtle- another symbol for the unattainability of the American Dream. Myrtle Wilson is married to her husband, George Wilson, who lacks her satisfaction because he possess no riches. They reside, unhappily, in the Valley of Ashes together. Showing how unhappy she is with her husband, Myrtle says, â€Å"â€Å"I knew right away I made a mistake. He borrowed somebody’s best suit to get married in, and never even told me about it, and the man came after it one day when he was out. ‘Oh, is that your suit?â₠¬â„¢ I said. ‘This is the first I ever heard about it.’ But I gave it to him and then I lay down and cried to beat the band all afternoon†Ã¢â‚¬  (Fitzgerald 35). This demonstrates how disappointed Myrtle is that she is not married to a rich man because she so desperately desires riches and

Gender Identity Then And Now - 1553 Words

Genders: Then Now In today s world there are more than two genders. Believe it or not there are (unofficially) eight genders, and according to Facebook, there are fifty-eight genders to choose from. It is not simple anymore. There are four main terms that make up how you show your gender; Gender Identity, Gender Expression, Gender Role, and Sexual Orientation. Your Gender Identity is how you perceive yourself and what you call yourself. One’s gender identity can be the same or different than the sex you were born with. Most people develop a gender identity that matches their biological sex. For some, however, their gender identity is different from their biological sex. Some of these individuals choose to socially, hormonally and/or surgically change their sex to match their gender identity. Gender Expression refers to the ways in which people express their gender identity to others through the way they act, dress, style their hair, change their voice, and so on. Gender expression also works the other way as people act/talk to others based on their appearance, manners, and other gendered characteristics. Sometimes, Transgender people seek to match their physical expression with their gender identity, rather than the sex they were born with. However, gender expression should not be viewed as an indication of sexual orientation. The G ender Role is the set of roles, activities, expectations and behaviors assigned to females and males by society. Our culture recognizes twoShow MoreRelatedGender Identity : An Unfamiliar And Confusing Concept956 Words   |  4 PagesGender identity is an unfamiliar and confusing concept to many people. Until recently, Americans have been taught and conditioned to believe that one’s anatomy and genetics are what determines one’s gender. Acting or dressing like the other gender was considered disgusting and taboo, and people who claimed to be transgender were thought of as severely mentally ill. Some would even confuse gender identity with sexual orientation; like believing that all transgender people are gay. However, now thatRead MoreA Body And Mind Dichotomy, Or Cartesian Daulism1617 Words   |  7 Pagesdenunciation. This is to say that there is no way to invalidate one’s thoughts, or one’s mind. The moment a stated declaration of one’s identit y is made, aside from finding inconsistencies with their statements, their testimony as to their identity stands. This means that innateness is one’s thoughts, feelings, and desires, and thus, identity. And as such this identity is only discernable by expression thereof. In other words, the only way to know what one’s innateness entails is to attend to their expressionsRead MoreGender Options on Facebook969 Words   |  4 Pagescustomization regime; now users can choose a gender option other than â€Å"male† or â€Å"female†. Many people were startled by this because, after all, what else could there be? Actually, there’s now fifty-eight things it could be, ranging from agender to pangender and everything in between. There has been much debate on the necessity of these new options, some arguments being stronger than others. For many, it has become a debate on human rights. While many people do not think that the new Facebook gender options areRead MoreIntersectionality Essay727 Words   |  3 Pageshumans. Now I will give you an example and then try to connect it to intersectionality. I will use an example of spider web to explain this theory. This example will give you some idea about intersectionality. Think about a spider web. A Point in the centre and all threads connected to each other. If we remove one thread from the spider web, it will fall apart. Now consider yourself. You have some identities and these identities are connected just like spider web and we cannot remove any identity fromRead MoreGender Identity Has Changed Its Definition Over Time1578 Words   |  7 PagesEnclish 1C ​Gender identity has changed its definition over time. The psychological definition as stated from the social learning theory is that gender identity is the sense of being male or female. Seems simple but we now know in todays world the definition has broadened. Gender identity is now defined as one s personal experience of one s own gender. Gender identity can correlate with assigned sex at birth, or can differ from it completely. All societies have a set of gender categories thatRead MoreA Deeper Understanding Of Identity Essay1559 Words   |  7 Pagesand more. But it is the combination of these identities that makes every human complex and unique. A deeper understanding of identity requires organizing identities into two categories: factual and non-factual. 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They consider bi and gay as gender categories whichRead MoreGender Roles During The Years Men And Women Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesGender Roles in Society Over the years men and women have been given gender roles that they are pressured to follow. According to Amy Blackstone, â€Å"gender roles are based on the different expectations that individuals, groups and societies have of individuals based on their sex†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2003). In other words, gender roles are social norms and expectations, created and accepted by society, based on a person’s gender. There have been different gender roles throughout the different time eras and in some erasRead MoreSexuality And Gender : Social Constructs Essay1366 Words   |  6 PagesSexuality and Gender are social constructs. They are more like fluid concepts. Both are on spectrums. Why could they be considered controversial topics, more specifically the spectrum? Well, the idea of sexuality being more than just heterosexuality has been challenged by conservative types and others alike for years. They may even deem anything other than heterosexuality as something abnormal and immoral. Fo r some, it can be quite difficult to understand that sexuality is on a spectrum. EspeciallyRead MoreIntersectionality Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagesreflects to the reality that we all have multiple identities that intersect to make us who we are. The concept of feminism doesn’t just include activism for womens rights but for the rights of all sexes and identities (Bell hooks). Feminism is a political and social movement used to unify all identities. In order to truly understand feminism intersectionality you must take all pathologies into consideration. Within settler colonialism, Gender self determination comes into play with intersectionality

Testing Whether Website Design Is Responsiveâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Testing Whether Website Design Is Responsive? Answer: Introduction In the immerging technologies ,there are more innovations that come up ,however the technology is dynamic by nature where various fields keep on changing .Currently there is innovation in field of computers and the hand held devices like the mobile phones and the tablets ,these devices have new features in that they only supports well the HTML5 web applications. As a result of rise of this new technology devices ,there is a need to come up with the website which is accessible to all devices without necessarily designing two or more websites separately. In order to ensure that the websites developed are accessible well on the various devices ,there is use of a simulator software which is mainly integrated with the chrome browser and then it is used to view the appearance of the website as it get tested in various devices. The process of testing the appearance of the devices is called the testing of the website responsiveness where we shall use one website to test its responsiveness using all the other devices. However there is one website that has been nominated to test the responsiveness of the websites ,this will test the fitting of the device layout ,whether it is interactive and the appearance of the features of its interfaces. The responsive testing for this case will be done using the simulation device called Responsive web design tester Chrome device simulator, this will show the user and developer how the website will appear in various devices. After the simulation of the devices below is the various simulations results obtained which was obtained from medium, large, and tiny devices using both the landscape and the portrait display. Simulation in Large displays using the desktop computer. This is the responsive testing of the newsweek website ,this is using the desktop computer and a chrome web browser ,for this case the website is quite responsive and there user can be able to view most of the parts even after scrolling down the page. In this case the features visible are the links in the horizontal menu bar,the banner images, the add-ons which links other websites foe advertisement purpose ,therefore this website is responsive to desktop computers . The only challenge with this website responsiveness in the desktop computers is the low speed while loading the web pages or its content. Simulation in Medium Display landscape using an android tablets Nexus 10. This is the image where the responsive testing is done for medium size devices ,for this case our medium size device is the android tablets Nexus 10 ,this device has various features visible just like when using the desktop computer . The responsiveness test is done when the device is in landscape view ,however not all features are visible but only a few but to view other can use the vertical scroll bar . Currently the only available and visible features are the horizontal menu bar, menus, the news headlines links and the image banner. Above that other feature like the forms for users login ,map features, and the logo image are also visible ,however the loading speed of the webpage also in this device is quite slow like in the desktop computers Therefore the website is moderately responsive in the android tablets Nexus 10 while placed in the landscap Simulation in Medium Display portrait orientation android tablet Nexus 10 model. The above is an image of the nominated website being simulate in a android tablets Nexus 10 while positioned in the portrait form ,however some features like the menu bar are not displayed and not visible The photos banner is however visible ,including the add-ons but the loading speed is still quite poor ,other visible features includes the headers which gives the title of the website ,the menu and the menu bars which directs the users to other websites while it is clicked and then the search field positioned on top of the page to allow users to search some contents ,therefore the website is not fully responsive. Simulation in Tiny Display landscape android phone HTC ONE X model. This is an image showing the responsiveness of the tiny devices, for our case the device used is called the HTC ONE X model ,the testing is done using the simulator ,however the result shows how the website can be displayed in some of the tiny size devices while positioned in the portrait form . In this case just few of the features are visible while other are hidden or not available, some of the visible features includes the headers, banners and the hidden menu bar. In order to view other features on require to scroll down the page to view the part in the footer as well and the social media links . Using the tiny devices in landscape form the view is of high quality ,although the web page could load slowly and it becomes discouraging to some of the users. Simulation in Tiny Display portrait orientation android HTC ONE model This above image is the display of the website on a tiny device for our case HTC ONE X model where the simulator is used to test the appearance of the website on the device used. In this case just few of the features are visible while other are hidden or not available, some of the visible features includes the headers, banners and the hidden menu bar. In order to view other features on require to scroll down the page to view the part in the footer as well and the social media links. Therefore in portrait form there is possibility of viewing more of the features which are quite more than in the landscape view ,however since not all features are visible one need to scroll page down to view more features (Mahatody, 2013). The website loading speed is also quite low since it takes more than two minutes to display ,this show that the website is not fully responsive and it needs some improvements to increase the loading speed. Discussion The websites Nominated. The responsive testing involves use of a sample website which is selected ,this selected website is referred to as nominated website ,however the nominated website is named as https://www.newsweek.com/ and it mainly give news report ,businesses advices ,sports outcomes and the trends in the technology and political news (Sauro,2012). Main features in this website. In this websites there is variety of features and they are as follows: Horizontally and vertically placed menus bars ,these are in the upper side of the webs and the footer part of the website respectively and the place together the website page links. Horizontal and vertical Menu link tabs, these tabs has links that joins the current page to other web pages . Sign in forms they are forms used to enter the authentication details to allow users to have access to the website details. Sigh up forms-These are the one used by new visitors to capture their credentials and then they use them for login in future. Links to Social media websites These are linked icons and they allow the users access the pages for this websites just by clicking. Banners with photographs or an Image The banner enable the visitors has a clear message about the news posted on the website respectively. Using the footers and headers, these are used for giving more related information to the visitor s of this website respectively. Review by other two people about the nominated website. There are other people who were involved in the analysis process of the website; they however drew different observations even if they used similar simulation tools. The below are some reviewers details and their respective recommendations respectively. First reviewer. The number of years is 36 . The person sex is Female. Her Professionalism is an IT specialists. The above reviewer was a long time friend since he was my school mate ,he conducted the review and as a result he placed the recommendation to ensure the website speed of loading is highly improved to about two half a minute ,he recommended that the menu bars could be placed in a more convenient position to improve the interactions levels. Second reviewers Number of years are 37 . His sex is a male. His Professionalism is computer technology. The second reviewer has been a tutor in a nearby institution and as he conducted the research he came up with some suggestions which were that the website login form should be on the first home page of the website but the registration form should be linked to another form but the link to be below the login form. He also recommended the website to be added the hover colors and the color for all visited links in the website. The simulator (responsive web design tester Chrome device) characteristics. The simulator is add-on software that is integrated with the chrome web browser; this will ensure that the devices can be able to view the websites and its respective features. Below are some of the advantages and disadvantages of the web browser simulators Advantages. 1. Raising of the mobile devices traffics. The current trend there are many users of mobile devices ,these devices are able to access these responsive websites and as a result they increase that mobile traffics on the respective responsive devices. 2. Quick development of mobile applications and minimizing of the cost. While developing a responsive website there is a reduced time taken during the development process ,however the time taken to develop a responsive website reduces the time used to develop mobile applications to be used by the users ,this is because the website is responsive on a mobile device and hence the cost of development is also decreased highly. 3. Reduced need for website Maintenance. The websites are developed to be accessed by various users who uses various device ,however to ensure that the users access the websites easily the website developed should be responsive unlike the traditional method where the developers could develop multiple similar websites to be accessed by the various devices. Therefore the responsive website reduces the cost involved in maintenance since only one website is used and is accessible by all the devices (Weinschenk, 2012). 4. Quick in the browsing speed. When the website is responsive the devices are able to access them quickly and thus they tend to encourage the users to take more time while browsing ,unlike the irresponsive websites where the users do not access the website with ease and they are discouraged and end up moving to other websites. 5. Minimal rates of Bounce. The website is tested for responsiveness this is reduce the rate of bounce by the customers or visitors ,the visitors bounces to other websites if the site is not fully responsive by any means and they cannot stay accessing the website for a quite long period of time ( Lewis,2014). 6. Increment in conversion rates. The bouncing rates is considered insufficient enough to know the status of the website ,the responsive test in conversion rates to ensure that the website developed was up to standard and this could motivate the users to stick to that website without being taken away by the competing websites. 7. Analytical report is done with ease. The analysis is done to the website in order to check the flow of traffic by the developers this helps them to see how many people could access the website within a given period of time. The analysis will then help the developer to come up with changes strategies to come up with the most responsive websites. 8. Boosting of the Search Engines Optimizations. The websites becomes more responsive when the search engine is fully optimized ,however this ensure all devices in each level can be able to access the website within a very short period of time. 9. Improvement in Online Browsing experiences The users of the internet enabled devices are able to access the website when it is fully responsive ,as a result the users are able to stick on the website and this leads to increase in terms of web traffics. 10. Improvement in the offline browsing. The use of the tablet ,phones and the computers is improved mainly when the users access the webpages which are developed using html5 language and thus they are highly responsive. Disadvantages of the chrome simulator includes: The following are some disadvantages. 1. Website loading speed. The website developers uses the HTML5 language for developing the responsive design ,however the css style is used to format the web pages appearance and thus if the settings are required to be specified in the css style to ensure that all devices can be fitted by theses web pages. In order to access the website quickly the users are recommended to use an network which is 3G enabled. 2. The mode of use. The websites are meant to be used by various users ,these users could use the computers or even hand held devices therefore all the devices are required to be considered to ensure any internet enabled devices can access the website since it will be fully responsive. 3. Incompatibility in the web browser. There are various types of browsers these browsers are of different versions ,however the browsers are able to access some website while the others dont . For the devices to be able to access the websites the developers need to ensure that the websites developed are fully responsive. Recommendation. As a result of conducting the responsive test there are various observations made where a number of devices are simulated which includes the mobile phones ,tablets and the computers. During the testing process it was discovered the website is not fully responsive in that they do not fit in the various devices displays,however these devices could load the website slowly with some delay ,also the website was found not interactive since the menus were being hidden in some of the devices therefore the website is not fully responsive due to those features . As a result I therefore recommend the website to be improved by making change to the css style codes to ensure that the website pages can fit in the various devices, however to improve the quality and the loading speed the website should be improved in the search engine optimization. Conclusion. The website responsiveness is tested in order to get to know the behavior of the entire website as being viewed or accessed through the various internet enabled devices which includes the tablets ,phones and the computers . The testing is done using the chrome simulator and this helps one to test how the various devices could access the website ,as a result of testing there are various observations that are drawn from the various device. Using the desktop computers the website was quite responsive since most of its features were observed easily, however in order to view all the parts of the webpage the users were required to scroll down the page using the vertical scroll bar. While using the medium size devices there was observed that the features viewed iin the desktop were also visible to the users in both the landscape and the portrait display, for the tiny devices the users are less interactive with the websites this is as a result of hidden menu bars and the links . For all the devices the website was loading quite slowly and this could discourage most of the visitors therefore it is recommended for relevant adjustments to improve the speed for website loading . In conclusion the website is partially responsive and therefore some adjustments in the search engine and the loading is required to be adjusted (Nielsen, 2012). References Lewis, J.2014. Psychometric evaluation of the PSSUQ using data from five years of usability studies. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon publishers. Sauro, J.2012. Quantifying the User Experience. Wellington, New Zealand: McGraw publishers. Mahatody, T.2013. State of the art on the cognitive walkthrough method. Farnham, England: Ashgate Nielsen, J.2016. Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces. New York, USA: Empowering People Weinschenk, S.2012. Designing Effective Speech Interfaces. New York, USA : Wiley publishers

Specific heat capacity is ethanol Essay Example

Specific heat capacity is ethanol Paper The three variables that affect the specific heat capacity of a substance are:   emperature change (K) or ( c) The equation that is used to determine the specific heat capacity of any substance is; Specific Heat Capacity = Energy Supplied ( Q) (C) Mass (kg) Temperature Change ( ) Unit: Jkg- K- Each different substance have different specific heat capacity, this is because different substances require different amount of energy to change the to increase or decrease the temperature. As all substances have different Internal Energy, this explains why different substances require different amount of energy to change the temperature. Studies from A2 explain that Internal Energy (Thermal Energy) is the sum of the kinetic energy and the potential energy of the molecules in an object or substance. If the temperature of a substance increases so does the internal energy. Referring back to knowledge gained from A1 when a substance is at a liquid state it has more internal energy than a substance at solid state. This can be explained by the fact that at solid state particles are bonded together so the particles movement is restricted. At liquid state the particles are spaced out s they are able to move randomly so they have more internal energy than particles in a solid, which have their movements restricted. As particles in solids are bonded together this means that heat can be conducted from one particle to another easily. Conduction transfers thermal energy through the collision of neighbouring particles. We will write a custom essay sample on Specific heat capacity is ethanol specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Specific heat capacity is ethanol specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Specific heat capacity is ethanol specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Liquids are poor thermal conductors because their particles are not bonded together which makes it had for heat to be transferred from one particle to the other. The way heat is transferred in liquids is through convection. Convection is the heat transfer due to the current movement from warmer particles moving towards the section where cooler particles are and cooler particles moving towards the warmer section of a fluid, this is caused by different densities at different temperature. This explains why liquids tend to have higher rates of specific heat capacity compared to solids because heat is transferred much quicker through conduction than convection. If you compare the specific heat capacity of copper, (390Jkg- K- ) to the specific heat capacity of water, (4180Jkg- K- ) there is a significant difference. In general the specific heat capacity of a solid is significantly lower compared to most liquids expect from Mercury which has a specific heat capacity of 140Jkg- K- when is in a liquid state. This also explains why H O has a low specific heat capacity when its in solid state, ice. (2100Jkg- K- ) compared to when its in liquid state, water (4180Jkg- K- ) From my research I found out that there are two laws of Thermodynamics: The first law states that the net heat transfer ( Q) of a systems equal to the sum of the thermal energy. The second law states that the entropy of an isolated system never decreases. This means that heat cannot be 100% converted to useful energy because the heat released to entropy is never returned to the system. Entropy is like internal energy; it is a thermodynamic quantity that belongs to any system of objects. It is proportional to temperature. As the temperature increase, entropy increased. In a microscopic level, entropy measures the amount of disorder in a substance. When heat is added to the substance, the particles that make up the substance move faster in a random way. The greater the velocity of the particles this implies more disorder for the substance; therefore increasing its entropy. To work out how much energy is used Power and Time are required: This is the equation t work out Power: Power = Current   voltage. Thus to work out energy we use this equation: Energy = current   voltage time The substance that I will be trying to determine its Specific Heat Capacity is Ethanol. Ethanol, C2H5OH is the second member of the aliphatic alcohol series. Most of the ethanol used is a mixture of 5% water because pure ethanol known as absolute ethanol is too expensive. Ethanol is prepared by a 95% solution, which results from the fermentation of sugars. Ethanol used in industry is made by reaction of ethane and steam. C2H4 + H2O= C2H5OH Ethanols has a boiling point of 78. 3 degrees centigrade, which is lower than waters boiling point. PREDICTION.

Marketing Plan for Astra Agro Lestari Tbk PTs Palm Plantation

Cola Wars Continue Essays

Cola Wars Continue Essays Cola Wars Continue Paper Cola Wars Continue Paper Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2010 1. Why, historically, has the soft drink industry been so profitable? Soft drink industry is profitable because the industry has concentrated revenues between 2 major players and it is virtually impossible for a new player to compete with the key players. The industry giants wield power over the retail outlets. Convenience stores, vending machines, fountains are widely distributed and hence they dont have the power to bargain over pricing issues and they also contribute to about 80 of the sales. This ensures that the companies quote a maximum price and still have the final say in the matter. 2. Compare the economics of the concentrate business to that of bottling business. Why is the profitability so different? A concentrate producer has to blend the raw materials and ship them to bottlers in plastic canisters. A typical concentrate manufacturing plant has an initial capital investment of 25-50 million and is capable of meeting the needs of an entire nation. Therefore the concentrate producer’s main line of work shifts to advertising, research and bottler support which ensures them a gross profit of 80. The concentrate producer also enjoys added value in the form of access to branded names and unique formulas. A bottler manufacturer, on the other hand has a capital-intensive business on hand, which has high costs to deal with-concentrate producers and packaging activities being the major costs (up to 90. The bottlers profitability is therefore considerably reduced with a gross profit of about 40. Added to this the bottler also invests in distribution networks as a result of which the operating margins drop drastically to 7-9. Therefore there is a wide disparity in the profitability of a concentrate manufacturer and a bottler manufacturer 3. How has the competition between Coke and Pepsi affected the industry structure? The cola giants Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have, through their Cola Wars, brought about a revolutionary and welcome change in the industry. Both companies in vying with each other for the top spot have managed to create high quality products spread over a wide range. Kicking off as soft drink manufacturers the companies diversified to other packaged foods and drinks thus increasing their consumer base as well as the industries. The introduction of the diet coke, for example, was lauded as the most successful consumer product launch in the 1980s. The aggressive entry of PepsiCo into the food business in the latter part of the 1990s also contributed handsomely to the company and as a result to the industrys profit. 4. Can Coke and Pepsi sustain their profits in the trend of flattening demand and growing popularity of non-carbonated drinks? Yes, Coke can Pepsi can sustain their profits in the industry because of the following reasons: The industry structure for several decades has been kept intact with no new threats from new competition and no major changes appear on the radar line. This industry does not have a great deal of threat from disruptive forces in technology. Coke and Pepsi have been in the business long enough to accumulate great amount of brand equity which can sustain them for a long time and allow them to use the brand equity when they diversify their business more easily by leveraging the brand. Globalization has provided a boost to the people from the emerging economies to move up the economic ladder. This opens up huge opportunity for these firms Per capita consumption in the emerging economies is very small compared to the US market so there is huge potential for growth. Coke and Pepsi can diversify into non–carbonated drinks to counter the flattening demand in the carbonated drinks. This will provide diversification options and provide an opportunity to grow.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Marketing - Essay Example Sales promotion will involve offering free samples of ice cream to children and other customers to improve the overall visibility of the product. Introduction Promotional activities play critical part in increasing the overall brand value and the firms should take into consideration the impact of such events on the overall revenue generation capability of such products. Our Camborne Ices range is one of our emerging products which can get an important sales boost if right kind of promotional tools and techniques are employed to market the product to its target market. Last year’s success at the International Food and Drink Exhibition has proved that an effective promotional policy can really help our products to get desired exposure to our target market. The overall impact of the promotional activities on creating brand value besides allowing the company to gain sufficient publicity is therefore huge and an effective campaign can really create such results. As such creating an effective promotional campaign and combining all the elements of promotion in effective manner can really provide the desired results while at the same time allowing marketers to better expose their product to their target market. Next year’s International Food and Drink Exhibition can also provide the firm a unique opportunity to further consolidate the position of our brand in the market. Considering this objective in mind, this report will provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of different promotional tools to be employed in order to successfully launch the product besides discussing as to how different tools can be mixed together in order to ensure that the product is successfully launched? Effectiveness of the Promotional tools There are different tools which would be actually employed in order to successfully launch the product and get maximum exposure. Some of the tools and their effectiveness are discussed below: Sales Promotion Sales Promotion is considered as one of the most effective methods of promoting the product to the desired target market. Through the sales promotion, marketers often utilize the media as well as non- media based sales promotional tools to improve the product visibility as well as the product demand in the market. (Kotler,2007). Sales promotion is quite effective in the initial stages of the product launch because it can effectively boost the overall visibility of the product in the market. It is important to note that the overall message delivered through sales promotion can be different for different types of customers i.e. for retail chain distributors this can be different whereas the same can be different if it is consumer based sales promotion. Advertising Advertising is another important promotional tool which can be effectively deployed in order to generate the desired level of results and improve the product visibility. Advertising is considered as the most effective promotional tool because of its ability to reach the maximum number of customers. Besides a well designed advertising message can actually allow the marketers to generate the desired level of interest within the customers. (Cook, 2001). Different advertising media vehicles can have different impact on the consumers and their overall effectiveness is judged by the manner in which these media vehicles are used. For

Middle East Customs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Middle East Customs - Essay Example Waltke. He later went for overseas study in University of Goettingen in Germany between August 1982 to July 1983 where he furthered his education under the supervision of Dr. Rudolph Smend, Dr. Rykle Borger and Dr. Lothar Perlitt. He holds a doctorate degree in Philosophy in Old Testament from Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia which he was awarded in 1988. When he was studying in this University, he wrote a dissertation titled "A Rhetorical Analysis of the Book of Chronicles" under the supervision of John H. Hayes. Cracking Old Testament Codes helps the readers to understand the Old Testament and also enhances the way preachers interprets the Old Testament accordingly. The book is divided into two sections whereby the first three chapters are said to be an introduction for the reader to understand the concept of literary forms "genres" when we relate it to Old Testament. The Author begins the section with an article titled "Literary Forms of the Old Testament". In this section, the author tries to establish in written communication the reality of such forms which he explains in the Old Testament. According to the author, understanding of "genre" is quite involving as it concerns establishing the form, content and later on the textual unit function. He urges that there should be ten basic genres in the Old Testament and not the traditional five that are common on hermeneutic in older works. He also urges that for genres to function properly in the text, there are supposed to be ten in number. T he author advocates the use of three different genres namely:- Narrative History and, Law Moreover, prophecy is seen as a combination of prose and poetry that has three different genres that include: Oracles of Salvation, Announcements of Judgment and apocalyptic. Poetry is divided into psalms of lament and psalms of praise while wisdom has two main divisions that include proverbial and non-proverbial wisdom. The second division of the book are the ten chapters that mainly emphasizes on the values and dangers in the interpretive process in literary form perspective. "Genre criticism" is distinguished as it concerns with the final canonical form not the prior sources whether it is oral or in written form as it is commonly known with source criticism to some rhetorical criticism and degree form. This section has ten chapters and each one of them addresses the ten genre of the Old Testament literature. These chapters are viewed to very useful to the readers as they are very simplified for the reader to grasp the content easily. They are seen to be having very useful instruction and information for the readers. Finally, the last chapter is seen as giving instruction to the preachers to use the knowledge they acquire in these chapters when preparing the sermon. IV. Evaluation. Cracking Old Testament Codes is a valuable book to the reader as the author took time to think about his audience and every

Write-Up on the Negotiation of Teachers’ Association with Board of Education Essay Example for Free

Write-Up on the Negotiation of Teachers’ Association with Board of Education Essay Negotiation is a process of entering into dialogues which are intended (i) to resolve disputes, (ii) to produce an agreement upon courses of action, (iii) to bargain for individual or collective advantage, or (iv) to craft outcomes to satisfy various interests. The essence of negotiation in this case therefore is to bargain for individual or collective advantage.   We, the Teachers’ Association appeared before the Board of Education for a negotiation on workload and benefits and this write-up presents the salient points discussed and finalized during the negotiation process. 1. Workload Workload section is usually a less important area that our association would care to negotiate. Therefore we agreed for the proposal of 51 layoffs at Day 1 on the hope of getting a better deal in other terms of negotiation. It was our thinking that normally teachers will be required to work extra hours so that they can take better care of students as it was expected of us. Therefore, it is thought reasonable to accept their proposal of increasing 55 minutes of working per day. Similarly we accepted their offer of reduction in â€Å"prep† time so that teachers will be able to adjust their own time efficiently. Thus we can say that the negotiation process for issues relating to workload went on very well without any hard arguments or hesitation on either side. Although we were made to give up on some points, the Board of Education was ready to accept our offers on duty-free time and emergency assignments by Board. Our strategy in this section was to align our interests with those of the Board so that we both could figure out the best ways to achieve best results. We understood their true interest in changing the teacher/student ratio from 32:1 to 37:1 so that they could solve their primary problem. During the negotiation in this area, both the Teachers’ Association and the Board of Education were very much willing to work together. It was not the case that the other party in the process of integrating the strategies expected big and very important concessions from our side. 2. Benefits As compared to the workload section, the negotiation process for the benefits section was tougher. In fact it was necessary to have two short breaks during the negotiation to clear the air as there were heated arguments and discussions. The Teachers’ Association was looking for good results out of this negotiation to make teachers feel better and to bring more actual calculated cost benefits to the teachers for their hard work. We also knew that the concession from our side will pay off the deficits from the side of the Board of Education. The Board even though tried to solve their main problem, was not willing to accept our proposals without arguments. They presented their arguments and points very strongly. Therefore we had to adopt an assertive strategy to strongly present our proposals. We stood our ground and presented our standpoints more strongly and at no point of time we were willing to accept their offer. Although, it took more than 30 minutes for reaching an agreement, finally they accepted all of our proposals except the offer on childbirth leave. To reach an agreement on the childbirth leave, the Board of education had to reveal their bottom line with cost calculation. On the basis of the exact data of the costs required to fulfill the childbirth leave benefit, both the sides could find an agreeable point. In the whole negotiation process the Teachers’ Association showed the Board the precise interests of our side with an assertive strategy and the Board of Education extended their cooperation with their honesty.

Supraglacial Environment Analysis

Supraglacial Environment Analysis Some places on Earth are so cold that water is a solid—ice or snow [1]. These frozen places of our planet are called the Cryosphere by our Scientists.The term â€Å"Cryosphere† comes from the Greek word â€Å"kryos† which means cold, frost or ice and â€Å"sphaira† which means globe. Those regions of the Earth’s surface where water is in the solid form, including sea ice, lake ice, river ice, snow cover, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets and frozen grounds (which includes permafrost) are referred to as cryosphere. The cryosphere is an integral part of the global climate system with important linkages and feedbacks generated through its influence on surface energy and moisture fluxes, clouds, precipitation, hydrology, atmospheric and oceanic circulation. Through these feedback processes, the cryosphere plays a significant role in theglobal climateand inclimate modelresponse to global changes [2]. Cryosphere is believed to be at the top and bottom of our planet, in the Polar Regions by most of the people. The area around the North Pole is the Arctic region and the area around the South Pole is the Antarctic region. Snow and ice are also found at many other locations on Earth, other than these two Polar Regions [1]. Located at the Earths South Pole, Antarctica is an icy continent. A huge ice sheet covers the land mass of Antarctica and, in some places, shelves of floating ice extend into the ocean. The outer sections of ice break off or calve from these shelves and form icebergs. The icebergs float in the oceans, melting and falling apart as they drift into warmer waters [1]. The Antarctic Ice Sheet is the largest mass of ice on Earth. Supraglacial Environment Literally, supraglacial means of, relating to, or situated or occurring at the surface of a glacier. Supraglacial environment consists of Supraglacial lakes and ponds, supraglacial streams and, supraglacial dust and debris. Supraglacial Lakes and Ponds Any pond of liquid water on the top of aglacier is called a supraglacial lake. Although these pools aretransient, they may reach kilometers in diameter and could be several meters deep. They usually last for months or even decades at a time, but can vacant in the course of hours. The lakes usually emerge from the assembly of summer meltwater in catchment basins. Supraglacial Streams A stream that flows over the surface of a glacier is called supraglacial streams. Most supraglacial streams descend viaMoulin into the depths or base of a glacier or originate from melting snow, ice fields and glacial ice. Supraglacial Dust and Debris Debris that is carried on the surface of a glacier is called supraglacial debris. It is also known as supraglacial moraines. It is normally derived from weathering processes that occur during seasonal precipitation, melt/ refreeze cycles or supraglacial activity (i.e. transport) rates and tends to be blocky angular boulders and sediments in character.Heavy volcanic supraglacial debris is composed of fine grained volcanic ash, tephra or large ballistics that is ejected during eruptions. The Polar Regions, are remote and often inaccessible, in terms of their location. Investigations based on field of the entire Polar Region are very strenuous, and rarely possible. Satellite remote sensing is a low cost solution to obtain excellent coverage of the Polar Regions from a view point in space. By using remote sensing data and techniques it is now possible to investigate the high latitude regions in a way that was unimaginable even a few decades ago. Over the past two decades, the Polar Regions have homogenously shown the first distinctive evidence of human industrial activity on Earth’s atmosphere and climate (Luban and Massom, 2007) [5]. The first was the 1985 discovery of the ozone â€Å"hole,† an annual disappearance of most of the ozone layer over Antarctica and the Southern Ocean, whose cause was quickly identified as an interaction between industrial chlorofluorocarbon pollutants and unique ice clouds that form in the extremely cold Antarctic stratosphere. More recently, both satellite data and submarine research cruises have documented the dramatic decrease in both geographic extent and thickness of Arctic sea ice, such that if no action is taken to curb industrial greenhouse gas emissions, Arctic sea ice could disappear altogether in the summer season by the end of this century. In 1981, India undertook its National Antarctic Program within the aegis of Department of Ocean Development (DOD) of the Government of India. ACentre dedicated to Antarctic Expeditions, named as ‘Antarctic Study Centre (ASC)’ was established at Goa in 1988.The ASC was eventually upgraded into an autonomous institute ‘National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research (NCAOR) under DOD (now known as Ministry of Earth Sciences). Maitri station was built in 1989 on the Schirmacher Oasis in Queen Maud Land. India previously operated the station Dakshin Gangotri from 1983 – 1989 which was abandoned after being buried in ice. Around 3,000 kilometers from Maitri station, India extended its Antarctic presence by building a new station named Bharati in the Larsemann Hills region.The Bharati station has been operational since 18th March 2012. Ordinarily, resolution is thought to be as the ability to separate and differentiate adjacent objects or items in a scene, be it in a photo, an image or real life. Frequently resolution is specified in terms of the linear size of the smallest features we can discriminate (often expressed in meters). But contrast impacts our ability to resolve between objects: if two items are the same color, they may be tough to separate, but if they are sharply different in color, tone, or brightness we can recognize them more clearly. Remote sensors estimate differences and variations of objects that are often reported in terms of four main resolutions, each of which affect the accuracy and functionality of remote sensors to habitat mapping. The details noticeable in an image are dependent on the spatial resolution of the sensor and refer to the size of the smallest possible feature that can be identified. Spatial resolution of passive sensors depends essentially on their Instantaneous Field of View (IFOV). The IFOV is the angular cone of visibility of the sensor (A) and determines the area on the Earths surface which is seen from a given altitude at one particular moment in time (B). The size of the area viewed is determined by multiplying the IFOV by the distance from the ground to the sensor (C). This area on the ground is called the resolution cell and decides a sensors greatest spatial resolution. For an analogous feature to be detected, its size generally has to be equal to or larger than the resolution cell. If the feature is smaller than this, it may not be detectable as the average brightness of all features in that resolution cell will be recorded. However, smaller features may sometimes be detectable if their reflectance influences within a particular resolution cell allowing sub-pixel or resolution cell recognition. Images where only large features are visible are said to have coarse or low resolution. In fine or high resolution images, small objects can be identified. Military sensors for example, are designed to for detailed view, and so have very fine resolution. Commercial satellites provide imagery with resolutions differing from a few meters to several kilometers. Usually finer the resolution, the less whole ground area would be visible. The ratio of distance on an image or map, to actual ground distance is called scale. If a map is with scale of 1:100,000, an object of 1cm length on the map would really be an object 100,000cm (1km) long on the ground. Maps or images with small map-to-ground ratios are referred to as small scale (e.g. 1:100,000), and those with larger ratios (e.g. 1:5,000) are called large scale. Spectral response and spectral emissivity curves specifies the reflectance and/or emittance of a feature or target across a range of wavelengths. Dissimilar classes of features and details in an image can frequently be distinguished by contrasting their responses over distinct ranges of wavelength. Extensive classes such as water and vegetation can generally be separated using very broad ranges of wavelength (the visible and near infrared). More specific classes like rock types may not be easily distinguishable using only these broad ranges of wavelength and require comparison at much finer ranges of wavelengths to separate them. Hence we require a sensor with higher spectral resolution for such specific classification. Spectral resolution describes the ability of a sensor to define fine intervals of wavelength. Finer is the spectral resolution, narrower will be the ranges of wavelength for a particular channel or band. As the spatial structure of an image is described by the arrangement of pixels, the actual information content in an image is described by the radiometric characteristics. The sensitivity of the image to the magnitude of the electromagnetic energy is determined by the radiometric resolution, whenever an image is captured on film or by a sensor. The radiometric resolution of an imaging system describes its ability to differentiate very slight contrast in energy. Finer the radiometric resolution of a sensor, more sensitive it is to detecting small differences in reflected or emitted energy. When a 2-bit image is compared with an 8-bit image, there is a large difference in the level of details observable depending on their radiometric resolutions. The concept of temporal resolution is also important to consider in a remote sensing system, in addition to spatial, spectral, and radiometric resolution. It is the concept of revisit period, which refers to the length of time it requires for a satellite to finish one complete orbit cycle. The revisit period is usually several days for a satellite sensor. Thus the absolute temporal resolution of a remote sensing system to image the exact same area at the same viewing angle a second time is equal to this period. Still some areas of the Earth tend to be re-imaged more frequently because of some degree of overlap in the imaging swaths of adjacent orbits for most satellites and the increase in this overlap with increasing latitude. Also, some satellite systems are able to point their sensors to image the same area between different satellite passes parted by periods from one to five days. So, the actual temporal resolution of a sensor depends on a variety of factors, including the satell ite/sensor capabilities, the swath overlap, and latitude. WorldView-2 is the first high-resolution 8-band multispectral commercial satellite launched in October 2009. It operates at an altitude of 770 km and provides 50 cm panchromatic resolution and 2 m multispectral resolution. The average revisit time of World View-2 is of 1.1 days and it is also capable of collecting up to 1 million km2 of 8-band imagery per day. Every sensor is narrowly concentrated on a specific range of the electromagnetic spectrum that is sensitive to a particular feature on the ground, or a property of the atmosphere. They are designed together to improve the segmentation and classification of land and aquatic features beyond any other space-based remote sensing platform. The agricultural growth, increased urbanization and natural processes all contribute towards the reshaping nature of land use and land cover around the globe. Remote sensing is recognized as an essential tool for understanding the changes over a large and small scale. Presently various satellites are being engaged to observe and study the globe. WV-2 brings out a high degree of detail to classification processes, with 8 strictly focused spectral sensors ranging from visible to near infrared, combined with 2 meter spatial resolution, enabling a finer level of intolerance and improving decision-making in both the public and private sector. The table given below explains the various characteristics of the important high resolution satellites. The World Viiew-2 is the satellite, which is having 0.5 m spatial resolution which has been used for this particular study. Features of World View-2 satellite are: Very high resolution The most spectral diversity commercially available 4 standard colors: Blue, Green, Red, NIR-1 4 new colors: Coastal, Yellow, Red Edge, NIR-2 Bi- directional scanning Orbit altitude: 770 km, sun-synchronous Dynamic range: 11-bits per pixel Swath width: 16.4 km at nadir Benefits of World View-2 satellite are: Provides highly detailed imagery for precise map creation, change detection, and in-depth image analysis. Geo-locate features to less than 5 m to create maps in remote areas, maximizing the utility of available resources. Collects, stores, and downlinks a greater supply of frequent update global imagery products than competitive systems. Stereoscopic collection on a single pass ensures image continuity and consistency of quality. Provides the ability to perform precise change detection, mapping and analysis at unprecedented resolutions in 8-band multispectral imagery. In addition to dedicated satellite instruments and programs that have monitored critical manifestations of climate and atmospheric change, such as the retreat of Arctic Sea Ice, the motion of the Antarctica Ice Sheets and the evolution of the ozone ‘hole’ in both polar regions, many serendipitous applications of satellite remote sensing have come forward for polar research. A survey of polar remote sensing accomplishments is particularly useful at this point in time, as the earth science community is experiencing a transition to a new generation of satellite remote sensing instruments with an order of magnitude greater capability than their predecessors. The Antarctica ice sheet alone covers an area of ~12.4Ãâ€"106 km2, and averages ~2.4 km in thickness, with a maximum of ~4.7 km (in the Wilkes sub-glacial basin between Casey and Vostok) and a volume of ~25.7Ãâ€"106 km3. It stores ~90% of the world’s ice, equivalent to ~70% of its freshwater or an approx. 65 m rise in global sea level was it to melt. This Antarctica Ice sheet play a central role in the global climate system, interacting in a complex fashion with the atmosphere and ocean, acting as major hemispheric heat sinks as a result of the radiatively induced Equator to pole temperature difference, and dominating the high-latitude radiation balance by virtue of their high albedo. Ice sheets have profound direct and indirect impacts on patterns of oceanic and atmospheric temperature and circulation and also biogeochemical cycles [11]. Studying and analyzing Antarctica using satellite remote sensing is not an old practice. It started way back in 1972 with the launch of Landsat-1(formerly ERTS-1). It kept on growing since then with the use of microwave and thermal remote sensing datasets. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) datasets have played a vital role in understanding this remote continent. In this research we have applied a combination of existing image processing methods and a novel feature extraction workflow to DigitalGlobe’s WorldView-2 (WV-2) satellite imagery, in order to study Antarctica at maximum achievable spatial resolution. Our protocol also compares widely used image fusion algorithms all over the researcher’s community. During the past 30-40 years, satellite and other remote sensing methods have provided a massive wealth of new data to transform understanding of the Antarctic. While important, field measurements are logistically demanding, expensive, and scanty. Satellites can measure and monitor remote and vast areas in a sustained, consistent, systematic, repetitive, and cost-effective fashion and on a variety of scales alone. Using high-spatial resolution data is the only practical approach for generating detailed and accurate information on the landscape and land cover in the Antarctic, where field measurements are laborious. The capabilities of these state-of-the-art satellites have not been thoroughly explored for mapping land cover in cryospheric regions. Widely, sea-ice spectral reflectance (ratio of radiant energy reflected by a body to that incident upon it) depends upon its age and thickness, and the presence/absence of a snow cover. Snow reflectance depends on the refractive index of ice, grain-size distribution, density, depth, and liquid-water content. Maps of surface albedo (the ratio of upwelling to down welling radiative flux at the surface) can be retrieved from satellite radiance data after accurately masking cloud, correcting atmospheric effects, and converting angular measurements to the ‘‘full hemisphere’’ angular distribution of the surface (the bidirectional reflectance distribution function [BRDF]). While the broadband albedo of ice-free ocean is ~0.05-0.1 that of sea ice ranges from ~0.1 to ~0.9 enabling ice-ocean discrimination and ice type classification. The strong sensitivity of NIR radiation to snow grain-size growth with melting further enables the detection/monitoring of seasonal mel t/refreeze. Ice-sheet surface grain size is itself retrievable from 1.6 mm data (e.g., from the Global Imager [GLI] aboard ADEOS-II [operational from 2002–2003]). High and very high resolution sensors acquire data over a narrow swath (

Vertical Structure of Japanese Society

It promulgates the values of filial piety and harmonious relationship between the universe and oneself. It became the official gulden philosophy during the Outages period and It helped legitimate the Outages Shogun rule through its concepts of â€Å"a hierarchical society in accord with nature, of benevolent paternalism in government, of an ethical basis for administration, and of a meritorious Harmony was established through reciprocal benevolent ruling and obedience from their subjects.Social stratification of the Samurai, Peasant, Artisan and Merchant was also developed in a animal vein, with merchants seen as the lowest class as they are deemed as parasites under Neo Confucian values. It is not surprising that the IEEE (household/ family) system was also created during this period. The ‘e system placed great emphasis on family tradition and Its continuity, Members of an lee are expected to see themselves as one collective unit and work towards the greater good of the house hold and not for oneself.The head of the household is typically the eldest male heir and wields absolute power and responsibility. The lee system essentially placed emphasis on the parent-child (vertical) relationship over the husband-wife horizontal) relationship. This can be seen in the code of obligations for samurai promulgated In 1684[2]. The hierarchical social structure continues to be rigidly defined in modern Japan, and has brought about many societal norms and practices unique to Japan.The idea of a â€Å"good wife, wise mother†[3] was introduced In the Mel]/ period and continued to define gender roles in Japan until the late 20th century. The men were expected to take up arms for the nation's imperialist ideals and subsequently serve as corporate warriors In the lead up to post World War Two economic miracle. Thus the men devoted his life to work and serving his boss, while the women devoted their life to child rearing and their education, perpetuating the signific ance of vertical relationships In Japan.The Bunyan-kabob-relationship Is a vertical relationship that makes the relationship between an employer and his employee reminiscent of a parent-child relationship. It is a long term and deeply personal relationship that forms the basis of lifetime employment seniority system in Japan. The sample-kohl- relationship is another vertical relationship where seniors who are more experienced re duly respected by juniors who lack the experience and who needs to learn from seniors.

Dissociation Constant Weak Acids Essay

Introduction: The dissociation constants of weak monoprotic acids were determined with the aid of a buffer and pH meter. Experiment: This experiment was performed according to the procedures as provided in the Chemistry 111B laboratory manual: Po, Henry and Senozan, N. â€Å"General Chemistry Experiments Chemistry 111B†, 8th Ed., 2004 Hayden-McNeil Publishing, pp 80-88. To determine the dissociation constants of weak monoprotic acids (HX and HY), a buffer was needed to calibrate the pH meter. According to the manual, all four solutions to the experiments had to be carried out first before the calibration was performed. The following materials were obtained to conduct the parts of the experiment: 1) several 10-mL and 50-mL graduated cylinders to measure the volumes of acid and base, and 2) a thermometer to record the temperature of the solution. In the first half of the experiment, the Ka of HX had to be used and determined and in the second half, the Ka of HY was utilized and established using the same procedure. In the first part of the experiment, the pH and temperature was to be measured of a 10 mL sample of 1.02 M HA (when conducting the second half of the experiment, the concentration of HY was 1.00 M). The second part of the experiment was to add 20 mL of 1.0 M NaA to 10 mL of 1.00 M HA, and to draw 10 to 15 mL of the solution to measure the pH and temperature. For the third part of the experiment, 10 mL of the  remaining buffer from part 2 was diluted with 50 mL of distilled water. The pH and temperature was measured for this part of the experiment. The last part of the experiment was to mix 10 mL of NaOH to 25 ml of HA (both HX and HY had a concentration of 1.00 M, and the NaOH concentration was 1.00 M), and to measure the pH and temperature of the solution. When all the solutions were stirred and measured for, the pH meter was to be calibrated. The first step was to obtain a packet of perpHect pH 4.01 buffer  and set up the open packet in a beaker. The next step was to place the pH meter into the buffer and calibrate the reader that was connected to the meter. When the reader was calibrated to a pH of 4.01, the solutions were ready to be determined. After each measurement in the solution, the pH meter had to be cleaned with a few drops of distilled water and calibrated back to 4.01 in the buffer pouch. Results and Discussions: In the first half of the experiment using HX, the pH reading for the first part of the experiment was 2.36 and the temperature was 26 C. When equilibrium was reached, it was calculated (on data sheet) that the Ka was 2.03 X 10 .In the second part of the experiment, the pH was 4.94 and the temperature was 28 C. The Ka was found to be 2.07 X 10 . For the third part of the experiment, a 4.47 pH was measured from the solution and a temperature of 27 C. The Ka for this part was 2.57 X 10 . Lastly, the pH of the solution for part 4 was 4.47 and had a temperature of 27 C with a Ka reading of 2.29 X 10 . For the second part of the experiment dealing with HY, readings of 1.95, 25 C, and 1.27 X 10 were measured for pH, temperature, and Ka, respectively. In the second part of the experiment, the pH reading was 2.94 with a temperature of 26 C and a Ka of 2.31 X 10 .In the third part of the experiment, a pH measurement, temperature, and Ka values were found to be 2.95, 26 C, and 2.32 X 10 , respectively. In the last part of the experiment, the pH reading was 2.58 with a temperature of 27 C. The Ka for this particular solution was 1.78 X 10 . Assumptions that were made from this experiment was that the Ka values for HX and HY were similar except for part 1. Part 1 was excluded in the averages in the data sheet because since no base is present in the solution, a different Ka value will be given then the other solutions which had base in the solution. Also, since the solutions of the experiment were prepared first before calibrating the pH meter, the group received a better pH reading because the pH of the solutions were measured one after the other. Conclusion: In the experiment, it was seen that the dissociation of weak monoprotic acids were constant for HX and for HY given from the Ka values.

The effects of birth control essays

The effects of birth control essays Todays woman has many birth control options that allow her to plan whether or not she has children, when she has children, and the age difference between her children. This paper is designed as an overview of available options about choosing a birth control method that matches the physical, emotional and lifestyle needs. I personally feel that the pill is a excellent, affordable, 99.5% effective method of birth control. According to Contraceptive Technology, combination pills are approximately 99.9 percent effective if used perfectly. What that means is that one in 1,000 women taking the Pill will get pregnant in the period of a year. In real-life use, about 3 percent of users get pregnant in the course of a year Statistics state that this is usually due to missing one or more pills. However, two things that should be remembered. Statistics are not everythingthe best form of birth control is the one you will use correctly and consistently. Oral contraceptives provide no protection from sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV. So if that is a concern, you should combine the Pill with condoms for an unbeatable combination! At any stage of life, a woman may find that one method of birth control suits her needs better than others. Periodic review of available birth control options will help ensure in choose a method that best meets your current lifestyle. Some factors to consider that might be important include method effectiveness, permanency, convenience and protection against sexually Some questions that I have are, how safe and effective is the method, will the method affect my sex drive or my partners sex drive, is there an age at which I should stop using hormone-based contraceptives, will the birth control method affect my ability to have children in the future, what are my birth control options if I am breastfeeding, what birth control method would you ...

Heroic Figures of the 21st Century Steve Jobs and Julian Assange essay

Heroic Figures of the 21st Century Steve Jobs and Julian Assange essay Heroic Figures of the 21st Century: Steve Jobs and Julian Assange essay Heroic Figures of the 21st Century: Steve Jobs and Julian Assange essayThe 21st century is the century of new technologies and overwhelming power of information. The 21st century is often associated with the age of information that means that information plays the key part in the life of the society and global community. In this regard, individuals, who contribute to the development of information technologies and facilitate information sharing or contribute to the sharing of information and knowledge, play an important part in the life of the society or even the entire world. This is why many heroic figures of the 21st century are closely associated with the world of high information technologies, communications, and science. At this point, it is possible to refer to such figures as Steve Jobs or Julian Assange, who may be viewed as heroic, although the latter is quite controversial. In fact, views on these figures may vary but their impact on the world in the 21st century can hardl y be underestimated, while their role in the development of the modern world has been already recognized internationally (Hesselbein, Goldsmith Beckhard 129). In such a way, Steve Jobs and Julian Assange are two heroic figures, who have made the information available to the public and shared by the public to make the public more capable to control the government and policy makers.Steve Jobs was one of the prominent figures in the business world and in the field of information technologies, who had made the breakthrough of Apple, reviving the company and helping the company to introduce innovative products that have revolutionized the IT industry and telecommunication systems. At this point, it is worth mentioning the major innovations introduced by Apple under Steve Jobs, iPod and iPhone, which revolutionized the IT and telecommunication industry. In actuality, his name is closely intertwined with the development and successful introduction of innovations that have changed the mode rn world, especially iPhone (Trent 32). Moreover, it is Steve Jobs, who has revived the now popular brand Apple, which faced a steep decline and was in a deep crisis, when Jobs returned to the company. In such a way, he became the person, who contributed to the mass production of what used to be the most popular smartphones, when it has been just introduced, and what is now still one of the most popular smartphones in the world.  Today, Steve Jobs is the iconic figure associated with the revolution in the field of information technologies and telecommunications, since Steve Jobs made high technologies available to mass consumers bringing them virtually universal mobile device which is still one of the most popular product and every new generation of iPhone takes a large share of the global market. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that Steve Jobs did not just introduce the device that became extremely popular in the world but he contributed to the introduction of the device that has changed how people communicate or even live. Moreover, it was Steve Jobs, who contributed to the development of the particular lifestyle of clients, who own iPhones and, thus, it was him, who shaped the target customer group of the main product of Apple under his lead. Steve Jobs was responsible for the performance of all departments of Apple, including sales and promotion ones. This is why the image of the lifestyle of iPhone users created by the company was, to a significant extent, created by Steve Jobs, while currently there are millions of users of iPhones worldwide.However, the major achievement of Steve Jobs is not the technological breakthrough, Apple has made under his lead, but his contribution to the business development of the company.   Steve Jobs became the leader, who has managed to change the company, to revive Apple and help the company to regain its position as one of the leaders in the IT industries. His leadership style and his personality becam e iconic for many leaders, who try to follow his lead and to conduct changes in their companies as successfully as he did. But what makes him different and unique and, therefore, heroic, is his uniqueness since many try to use the same strategy and policies, which he applied to Apple, but it was only him who has managed to apply those strategies and policies successfully. Some researchers (Benfari 191) even speak about the phenomenon of Jobs’ leadership, which was far from perfect or ideal from the standpoint of a subordinate but which has proved to be extremely efficient from the organizational standpoint. In the time of multinational corporations and complex organizational structures of public and private organizations such leadership is very important and Steve Jobs is recognized as one of the most successful and efficient leaders in the 21st century world so far.Steve Jobs became the iconic figure because the public perceived him as a person, who made technologies closer to people. Moreover, iPhone and other advancements of Apple under the lead of Steve Jobs has eliminated frontiers between people making communication more effective and closer to people. As a result, people have expanded their communication opportunities due to innovations introduced by Apple under Steve Jobs’ lead. As Jobs was the leader, the public personifies the major achievements of Apple in the 21st century with him. At the same time, Steve Jobs became the iconic figure as a new type of leader, who can lead the organization through consistent, revolutionary changes and bring it to success.Furthermore, some proponents of Steve Jobs view him as an opponent of the government machine that attempts to set control over people and their private life because new technologies introduced by Apple under his lead had opened new opportunities for information sharing that limited opportunities for the government to manipulate with the public opinion (Sarewitz, Pielke Keykhah 147). I n this regard, Steve Jobs has offered people with the universal means that they can use for sharing information immediately, regardless of their physical location due to the wide opportunities for the communication offered by the device (Mars Frosdick 125). In fact, iPhone has changed the philosophy of the communication and many people attribute this change to Steve Jobs as the person responsible for the introduction and promotion of iPhone in the global market. To put it more precisely, people have got ample opportunities not only to talk to each other or send messages each other but also they have got access to online resources, share various information and files of different types, and conduct many other operations, including payments and others via their iPhones, and many of those opportunities were options uniquely attributed to iPhones by that time.Heroic Figures of the 21st Century: Steve Jobs and Julian Assange essay part 2

History and Political Science; A Response to Historical Cases Essay

History and Political Science; A Response to Historical Cases - Essay Example Of particular interest is to understand the implications of the Pericles’ oration (Thucydides 34) with respect to what is known of Athens. In evaluating Pericles’ speech, it is imperative to decipher the underpinning points in the speech, as depicted by Thucydides (pp 34-46). First, Pericles begins by acknowledging the need to hold ceremonies for those who dead for the country. He proceeds to assert that all that had happened was necessary. He was in line with the law, as well as the democracy requirements. In elucidating his point, he pays tribute to the ancestors, acknowledging them for creating a worth-celebrating history for the Athenians. He cites how the empire and its possession would have been without the sacrifice of the ancestors and that it was only justified for him to uphold the legacy. Pericles presents Athens as exceptional, in terms of its laws, justice, social equality, mobility and inclusivity of migrants, and that everyone had an equal opportunity to serve the nation. The aspect of Athens to offer social refreshment, such as games is not also overlooked. He affirms Athenian determination to shun all the challenges, as well as respecting the neighbors. He eventually justifies the point that the fallen men should not be the cause of any consolation. Instead, such a point brings comfort to the Athenian community. The crucial question is whether Pericles’ insight holds any validity. In particular, does Athens fit into the doctrine of exceptionalism, as presented? Moreover, is Pericles’ point about the fallen justified? In my view, whereas there are certain aspects of exceptionalism that could be justified about the historical Athenian society, others cannot. For instance, it is agreeable that the ancestors had a crucial role in creating history for posterity, considering that imperialism was the order of the time. The affirmation of respect of law and democracy also reflect the historical nature of Athens. This is beca use Athens historical government is widely cited as the mother or even the correlate of the sophisticated and desired contemporary democracy. Indeed, one avenue of viewing at Pericles’ forefather reference could act as a base the role which Athens played in Greek history. Perhaps he was referring to the growth of the government of Athens as well as the role which the forefathers played. Pericles next statement is that the city of Athens was great and served as a symbol of inspiration as the pioneer of true democracy (Halsall 39). Thucydides uses parallelism whereby Pericles talks of Athenian s’ reputation compared to other armed forces, as well as the Athenian self belief. However, the theme of imperialism cannot be left out of his speech. One questions whether this could also be an aspect of exceptionalism. Doesn’t it contravene the affirmation to respect the autonomy of the neighbors? I infer that whereas Pericles stand reflect the interest of the Athenians, i t is advanced on the basis of nationalism, which can be dismissed as a thesis of societal selfishness. Response to part two: Robert, the Monk's account of Pope Urban II's call to crusade During the 11th century, when states like France and Britain had not emerged, Christianity united the states of Europe. All European states took part in religious wars against Muslims in what was known as the Crusades. Both Christians and Muslims committed atrocities against human beings although each side claimed to be fighting for a just course. At the

Questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Questions - Assignment Example Secondly, many of the practices of Ancient Egypt still exists in various forms in African societies. And although most of these practices have systematically disappeared over the past 500 years due to Islamic and Christian influences, most African tribes continue to pay homage to the dead and some even worship ancestors. This is the exact traditions that were held sacred in Ancient Egypt. This is because the Egyptians saw their leaders as a link between the contemporary society and the supernatural world. Hence, there was a lot of attention that was given to the leaders of the community. The beliefs in the Afterlife led to the creation of pyramids which exist to this day as a way of keeping the Pharaohs eternally alive. Although Africans moved from these regions many years ago, they still have traditions like preserving the dead, having very elaborate funerals and the beliefs in spiritual systems and structures similar to what existed in Ancient Egypt. The culture and political struc tures of Africa continue to show resemblance with what existed in Egypt. Paleontology primarily shows evidence of changes in weather and other natural conditions that explains the need for Africans to move in various directions from the Nile Valley. Global warming and other challenges like war caused Africans to move in other directions. Then the desertification of the mid-section of Africa led to the creation of what is now the world’s largest desert. This caused Africans to move further south. And when the Sahara was fully formed, most Africans could not move to North Africa to link up to mainstream activities and technologies. Therefore, they moved in small scattered communities that were in the interior of West Africa and East Africa. Other conditions caused Africans to move further down south to places like the coast of West Africa, Central Africa and Southern Africa. After the decline of Classical Egypt, persons

Capstone Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Capstone Project - Essay Example Identify a problem, issue or educational deficit upon which to build a proposal for change. Several children have been repeatedly brought to Kansas Hospital due to incidents of frequently repeating infections such as pneumonia, pyelonephritis and soft tissue infections to name a few (Zarbock, 2005). Symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss, fatigue and increased frequency of infections were also observed from the young patients (Banaga-Perez, 2008). The children were taken to undergo a more accurate assessment for the possibility of having diabetes. Indeed, most of them go back and forth to the hospital because they are positive with Type 1 Diabetes. This incidence has been increasing for the past years. Parents of the patients have been agitated on the medical condition that their children are facing. They also have learned that Type 1 diabetes or Juvenile Onset Diabetes has put their children in a delicate condition that it is actually life-threatening if not prope rly treated. Since there is no known cure yet for diabetes, its management, especially when implemented in a home setting, is critical. However, more Type 1 Diabetes patients have been diagnosed in the hospital. Families of patients have become stressed and worried on the fact that it is a serious disease that have made the children suffer and some had near-death experience. The nursing team of Kansas Hospital has then decided that Type 1 Diabetes patients and their families need more assistance aside from the medical attention they require. They knew that because of the prevalence of the disease, it can affect many people in various settings. That whether a patient has been hospitalized for another case, they cannot just administer any medicine or treatment if the patient is diabetic. Thus the nursing care they provide becomes more complex specializing on the needs of a diabetic patient. To address more appropriately the needs of increasing diabetic patients, the nursing team decid ed to initiate a Diabetes Clinic within the hospital. The Diabetes Clinic aims to provide and disseminate more information to the patients and their families, and also other people who may be concerned about this disease. It aims to educate its stakeholders on proper management of Type 1 diabetes so home care can be done effectively especially that diabetes is largely a patient-managed disease (Zarbock, 2005). The Diabetes Clinic also aims to provide motivation to the patients and their relatives about the perseverance to care for their health and that all their efforts will produce good results. The nurses will inform them about the new medicines, intervention programmes and treatments available and, how this can be appropriate their specific cases. Importantly, being able to help patients handle diabetes management in a less stressful manner is also the goal of the team. They understand that diabetes complications include emotional shifting as well leading to anger, frustration an d fear and this affects the

How it Relates to Greek Religion and Culture Essay Example for Free

How it Relates to Greek Religion and Culture Essay Ancient Greeks believed in a series of myths, which explained nature, set the moral code for the Greek people, and some were just entertaining stories. These myths turned the Greek world from a world of fear into a world of wondrous beauty. Many of these gods and goddesses were associated with a particular task or activity (Buxton). The Greek people believed that the gods were incorporated into every aspect of their lives. The Ancient Greeks, being a polytheistic culture, created many extravagant myths regarding 12 gods and goddesses that they believed to rule all aspects of their lives. These myths were an early science. They were the result of the Greeks trying to explain the world around them. The Greek people created their gods in their own image, naturally making heaven an enjoyable and familiar place (Hamilton). In Greek mythology the Gods did not create the universe, but instead, the universe created the gods. The mythology of the people of Greece begins with Homer in the Iliad and the Odyssey. It is in these epic poems that Homer tells the stories of the many gods and hero’s of Greece. We now know who and what the Greek gods were, but how are they relevant to the Greek Religion? It is important to know that the Greeks did not have a word for religion. Also they did not have any written text or scripture. When we talk about Greek religion we mean their ritual behaviors and their beliefs in sacred items, beings, and places (Cline). We also must remember that Greek mythology is not the same as Greek religion, though they are closely intertwined. The only requirement of the Greeks for their religion was to believe in the gods and perform sacrifices to them. These sacred acts, sacrifice and festivals, were the root of the Greek religion (Buxton). This seems to be a rather relaxing way to carry on in life, but not so. The Greeks attributed anything good happening to the gods being happy with them, also when something bad happened, for example, an earthquake, famine, or the loss of a battle, it was attributed to the gods being displeased with the Greeks (â€Å"Ancient Greece†). The Ancient Greeks were an extremely religious people, who spent their lives trying to please the gods through their sacrifice, festivals, and unwavering belief in them. Sacrifice was one of the most important ways to please the gods; they were thought to be gifts to the gods. The people of Greece would give a sacrifice not only of animals, but also bloodless sacrifices, such as food, grasses, grains, and incense (Christman). Each city had a temple erected to their patron god. In Athens they had built the Acropolis, with its main temple being the Parthenon, which was dedicated to Athena (which whom Athens was named after). Athena was Zeus’s daughter, and it is said in the myths that she was born from his head. Athena is known as the Goddess of war and the defender of the towns. She is usually shown in art dressed in full armor. Also associated with her is Nike the symbol of victory (Hamilton). These temples were not for worship, but they were believed to house the gods for which the temple was built. The only people who were allowed inside were the priests and priestesses, and that was only to keep it clean and take care of the god’s statue (â€Å"Ancient Greece†). The focus of the temple was no only the god or goddess but the sacrificial alter. Each temple had an alter outside for the worshipers to place their offerings. The sacrifices the Greeks made to their gods were their way of ensuring that they would be allowed to lead a normal happy life. The Greeks also took part in religious festivals and for further reassurance of their pleasing the gods went to oracles. We know that the Greek people participated in many religious festivals, but the details of these festivals are unknown. The main festival that the Greeks partook in was the Olympic games, in honor of Zeus. Zeus was the most powerful of all the gods, his power alone was greater than all of the other gods combined. He was the God of the Sky, bearing his thunderbolt, at which he would throw to earth striking anywhere he wished. His faults, however, entertain the idea that he is a man. Zeus is portrayed as falling in love with many women and trying to hide his infidelity from his wife Hera (Hamilton). The Olympic game festival occurred every fourth summer. Throughout Greece a truce was proclaimed so that all Greek citizens could come and participate (â€Å"Greek Religion†). The exception to this was women, they not only could not participate, but they could not even watch (Buxton). The Olympic games were held at the Stadium of Olympia, and the main event was the pentathlon, where the participants competed in five different events. This arena was also the very first monument of Greek Classical art (Kleiner). Another part of the Greek religion was the oracles. The most famous oracle was the Oracle of Delphi. The oracles were believed to be the messengers of the gods. But not any normal person could understand their messages, only the priests and priestesses could. The Greeks believed that the gods spoke in riddles, because the gods were more complex than the humans, and so the could not reply as the humans did (â€Å"Ancient Greece†). The festivals and the oracles were an important part of the Greek life. The Greek gods even found a place in the everyday life of a Greek citizen. Hestia, Zeus’s sister. She plays no part in the myths but was very important to the Greeks. She was the Goddess of the Hearth. Every home in Greece had a hearth dedicated to her where the fire was not allowed out go out, along with each city (Hunt). When a new town was founded the people would light a torch from the mother town and carry its fire to the hearth in the new town. Sound familiar; this is the proposed beginning of the Olympic torch. Also, when a child was born the family had to walk the newborn baby around the hearth before it was to be accepted into the family (Hamilton). Also, according to Hunt, boys were trained to have healthy strong bodies, not only to fight in the armies, but to be strong competitors in the Olympic games. Boys and girls were taught from very early ages about the gods and goddesses. They were taught how to respect and please them in their daily lives (â€Å"The Ancient Greeks†). Also most Greeks made some sort of sacrifice to the gods daily. This was to try and keep the gods happy and bring good fortune to themselves. There were many different ways that the people of Greece tried to keep the thought of their gods present in their daily lives. Religion impinged on the warfare of the city-states in a number of ways. The commanders frequently saw themselves as walking in the footsteps of their gods and heroic predecessors (Buxton). No where in the Greek city-states did they go into battle without first sacrificing. To do this was unthinkable. The soldiers of Greece usually sacrificed to either Ares or Athena. Ares was the God of War, but isn’t mentioned much in the myths. He has no distinctive attributes and is difficult to identify in art. Hamilton says this is probably because the Greeks thought of him as â€Å"hateful†. Again, Athena is known as the Goddess of war and the defender of the towns. But then on the opposite end was the honoring of Aphrodite, who was the Goddess of Love and Beauty, but also revered for pleasure and procreation. Women of the towns and city-states would honor and sacrifice to Aphrodite, to ensure the safe delivery of a baby, or to be pleasing to their future husbands (Atsma). I Greece all marriages were arranged to keep or raise a family’s social status, so many brides did not ever meet their husbands-to-be until the wedding day. Whatever men or women did in their daily activities was relevant to the influence of the gods. The Greek mythology played an important role in the every day lives of the Greek people, and even more important one in the development of their religion. Greek mythology was a way for the people of Greece to explain the â€Å"why’s† and â€Å"how’s† of their world. Their religion and their mythology were very closely intertwined. This was shown through their various ways of honoring their gods through festivals, sacrifice, and using the oracles. Also through the passing of the beliefs from one generation to the next. The importance of the gods was shown in their magnificent temples also. These Myths for the Greeks changed their world from the unknown to kind and beautiful. Works Cited â€Å"Ancient Greece. † Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008. Sept. 14, 2008. . Atsma, Aaron J. â€Å"Theoi Greek Mythology: Exploring Mythology in Classical Literature and Art. † The Theoi Project. 2008. Sept. 14, 2008. . Buxton, Richard. Ancient Greece. Ed. Paul Cartledge. United Kingdom. Cambridge University Press, 1998. Christman, Zachary and Alfred Hanssen. â€Å"Greek Religion: Religion and Death. † 2002. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Sept. 14, 2008. . Cline, Austin. â€Å"Ancient Greek Mythology, Religion, Art† Sept. 14, 2008. . â€Å"Greek Religion. † Encyclopedia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Sept. 21, 2008. . Hamilton, Edith. Mythology. New York. Back Bay Books, 1942. Hunt, Dr. Patricia. â€Å"Roles of Men, Women, and Children. † Richmond University. Sept. 16, 2008. . Kleiner, Fred and Christian Mamiya. Gardner’s Art Through the Ages. 12th ed. volume 1. California. Wadsworth/Thompson Learning, 2005. â€Å"The Ancient Greeks. † 2002. Sept. 16, 2008. . Wilkinson, Philip. Dictionary of Mythology. New York. DK Publishing, 1998.

The Three Elements of the Female Athlete Triad Essay -- Athletics Wome

The Three Elements of the Female Athlete Triad For an increasing number of women in the United States, a concern or preoccupation with body weight and size is a constant pressure. Female athletes, like most women in our society, are also often pressured to conform to certain ideal body sizes and shapes, as dictated by the entertainment and fashion industries. Female athletes, however, face a twofold pressure. They face the burden that our culture places on all women to be thin, but they also face the burden from coaches, parents, and other athletes to succeed in sports and look good doing so by maintaining an unrealistically low weight. When weight gain means removal from a team or elimination from competition, many female athletes turn to dangerous food restriction and excessive exercise. This pressure to achieve or maintain unrealistically low body weight underlies the development of a syndrome recently named the Female Athlete Triad. First identified by the American College of Sports Medicine in 1992, the Female Athlete Triad consists of three medical disorders commonly found in female athletes: disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Alone each disorder is dangerous; in combination the triad disorders are potentially fatal. Eating Disorders in Female Athletes Before evaluating the available studies on the prevalence of disordered eating among female athletes, it is necessary to recognize the many limitations and problems that arise with such studies. First of all, there are a limited number of studies on this segment of females and their eating patterns. Also, many of these studies rely on self-reporting surveys, which inherently may be flawed due to the fact that many athletes may deny disordered eating b... ...74-1475. Smith, A. (1996). The female athlete triad. Physician and Sportsmedicine, 24, 67. Weight gain does not increase bone density in women with eating disorders. (2000) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27, 29-35. Wiita, B.G., Stombaugh, I.A. (1996). Nutritional knowledge, eating practices, and health of adolescent female runners: a 3-year longitudinal study. International Journal of Sports Nutrition, 6, 414-425. Williams, N.I., Young, J.C., McArthur, J.W., Bullen, B., Skrinar, G.S., Turnbull, B. (1995). Strenuous exercise with caloric restriction: effect on luteinizing hormone secretion. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 27, 1390-1398. Yeager, K., Agostini, R., Nattiiv, A., and Drinkwater, B. (1993). The female athlete triad: Disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 25, 775-777.

Educational stages Essay

Education is the process of learning and knowing, which is unending. It is so significant in the lives of every people living in this world and it would not be an exaggeration to say that the existence of human being is fruitless without this. Education helps us to gain knowledge, think scholarly and apply knowledge into logical action for us to cope up with the problems, issues and challenges that our country is encountering in this present time, hence it is a holistic process and it continues through our life. The Philippines is facing various problems including high unemployment and low economic rate and at the same time the Educational System in the Philippines. Thus, the government is trying their best to improve the quality of education because they believe it is one of the solutions to solve this problem that is why Department of Education tries new strategies to improve the quality of education delivered to the students. The Department of Education had done so many surveys an d reports so that they will be able to deal with the needs of the people and society. In 1925, the Monroe Survey was passed to Department of Education stated that the secondary education cannot prepare students for life that is why they suggested students to have training in agriculture, commerce and industry. In 1930, the Prosser Survey was passed to recommend improving vocational education such as 7thgrade shop work, provincial schools, and practical arts training in the regular high schools, home economics, placement work, gardening, and agricultural education. In 1970, the Presidential Commission to Survey Philippine Education (PCSPE) suggested the implementation of 11-year program to improve the state of education in our country. They recommended the program to have a compulsory 6 years for elementary education and 5 years for secondary education or for high school. In 1991, the Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM) Report (1991) was passedsuggested if one year would be added to our education program, it would either be 7 years for elementary and 4 years for secondary education or 6 years for elementary and 5 years for secondary education. This report supported the survey of Presidential Commission to Survey Philippine Education (PCSPE). In 2000, the Presidential Commission on Educational Reforms suggested the establishment of one year pre-baccalaureate system. In 2008, Presidential Task Force on Education discussed our education program should add two more years that other countries are implementing it and because of this discussion the K-12 Education Program was formed. In 2012, the government is now implementing this program offered to Grade 1 and Junior High School Students. K to 12 means Kinderga rten and the 12 years of elementary and secondary education. This model involves Kindergarten, six years of elementary education, four years of junior high school (Grades 7 to 10) and two years of senior high school (Grades 11 to 12). The two years of senior high school intend to provide time for students to consolidate acquired academic skills and competencies (DepEd, 2010). The study was designed for readers to cope up with the current issue and to have a clearer understanding on the implemented K-12 Education Program. This study is important for readers to have a knowledge why the DepEd implemented this program and to compare it with the previous program consisting of 10 years. Fortunately the researchers have come up with this study because this is the latest issue and many editors and writers argue about the effectiveness of K-12 on the newspapers and magazines. This study intends to know the Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude of the parents of Pedro E. Diaz towards the K+12 pro gram Implemented by the Department of Education recently. Background of the Study Nowadays Philippines is considered as one of the countries that has already low standard of education. Lack of budget and resources are the primary reasons on why the education system in our country was considered poor. Among other reason why a group of public school teachers remains critical of K+12. Due to this phenomena DepEd pursued a program that is believed to put the Philippines’ education system to higher grounds – the K+12. The K+12 Program covers kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of junior high school, and two years of senior high school [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment, and entrepreneurship. (Retrieved from discussion paper on the enhanced k+12 basic education program.pdf) The K+12 curriculum aims to enable every child â€Å"to achieve mastery of core competencies and skills† and develop tracks based on the student’s interests and competencies. The focus of K+12 is twofold: curriculum enhancement and transition management. With the K-6-4-2 model, the 2 years for senior high school is aimed to giving the student time to strengthen competencies and academic skills. The curriculum will also provide specializations in the following: science and technology, music and arts, agriculture and fisheries, sports, business and entrepreneurship, etc, depending on the occupation or career that they intend to pursue. These two years will build on skills that are essential to their chosen field. DepEd is preparing a carefully sequenced implementation plan to ensure smooth transition with the least disruption in the current program. (Retrieved from discussion paper on the enhanced k+12 basic education program.pdf) Every graduate of the enhanced K+12 basic education program is an empowered individual who has learned, through a program that is rooted on sound educational principles and geared towards excellence, the foundations for learning throughout life, the competence to engage in work and be productive, the ability to coexist in fruitful harmony with local and global communities, the capability to engage in autonomous critical thinking, and the capacity to transform others and one’s self. (Retrieved from discussion paper on the enhanced k+12 basic education program.pdf) The adoption of the program is in response to the need to improve the competitiveness of our country’s graduates as the ten-year basic education cycle is seen as inadequate for work and higher education. In fact, overseas Filipino workers are not automatically recognized as professionals in other countries that view the ten-year education program as insufficient. The Philippines is the only country in Asia and is one of only three countries in the world with a ten-year basic education cycle. (Retrieved from Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines.htm) The K+12 education system is the public education system that most of us are familiar with today. Comprised of thirteen grades, kindergarten through 12th, the K+12 education system refers to all school system in the Philippines. It is difficult to pinpoint the exact history of education, as education has been occurring in some from for centuries in all parts of the world. For the purposes of this article, we will explore the history of K+12 education system we know today as it applies primarily to the Philippines. Also, we would like to know the sides of the parents who are financing their children’s education. And in accordance to this the researchers expect that by the end of the study they could produce an instrument for the awareness of people in this K+12 project. Thus, this study gives importance on education, specifically on the part of mostly parents regarding on their awareness, knowledge and attitude on the k+12 program of the Department of Education. Theoretical Framework This study entitled â€Å"A Study on the Level of Awareness, Knowledge and the Attitude of the Parents of Pedro E. Diaz High School on the K+12 Program of the Department of Education† will be using Input Process Output. Input Process and Output Model is defined as the graphical representation of all the factors that make up a process. An input-process-output diagram includes all of the materials and information required for the process, details of the process itself, and descriptions of all products and by-products resulting from the process. Elements of Input Process and Output Model * Input- The information, ideas, and resources used. * Process- Actions taken upon/using input * Output- Results of the processing. Input Process Output Model Conceptual Framework This study entitled â€Å"A Study on the Level of Awareness, Knowledge and the Attitudes of the parents of Pedro E. Diaz High School on the k+12 Program of the Department of Education† will aims to quantify the Awareness, knowledge and attitudes of the respondents. Moreover, in order to have a deeper indulgent in this study the researchers logically applied the study on the Model – Input Process and Output Model. To meet the researchers objectives cited here, a step-by-step procedure would be first considered: First is the Input Element. The Input of this study are the following: Demographic  Profile of the respondents, Respondent’s Socio-Economic Profile, Level of Respondent’s Awareness, Respondent’s Knowledge, Attitude(s) of the respondent and the relationship of the respondent’s Educational Background, Family Background and Socio-Economic Profile to their Identified Attitude(s) regarding on the k+12 Program of DepEd. These Inputs would b e process, in the process. Second is the Process Element. This element or the process element processes the said input(s) of this study. In the process the researchers will conduct survey and analyze the collected data in order to come up a reliable and productive result. The last one is the Output Element. The output of the study would come from the processed data. The outcome of the processed data would be the Awareness, Knowledge and Attitude of the respondents. Application of IPO – Input Output Process Mode Statement of the Problem The researchers designed this paper to know the Awareness, Knowledge and Attitudes of the Parents of Pedro E. Diaz High School regarding on the K+12 Program of the Department of Education. The main problem of this study will focus on in the question: What are the level of awareness, Knowledge and the Attitude of the parents of Pedro E. Diaz High School on k+12 Program of the Department of Education? Objectives of the Study General Objective: To know the level of awareness, Knowledge and the attitude of the parents of Pedro E. Diaz High School on the k+12 program of DedEd. Specific Objectives: 1. To lay down the Demographic Profile of the respondents, in terms of their: a) Respondent’s Profile a1) Name a2) Age a3) Gender a4) Civil Status b) Respondent’s Educational Background b1) Elementary Graduate b2) High School Graduate b3) College Undergraduate b4) College Graduate 2. To know the respondent’s Socio-Economic Profile; in terms of their: a) Monthly income of parent(s) a1) 5000-10000a2)10001-15000 a3)15001-20000a4) 20001-25000 b) Respondent’s State of work or source(s) of Income: b1) Employmentb2) Business Owner 3. To determine the Level of Respondent’s Awareness regarding on the K+12 Program of the Department of Education. 4. To know the Respondent’s Knowledge on the K+12 Program of DepEd. 5. To identify the Attitude(s) of the respondent toward K+12 Program of DepEd. Hypotheses: 1. The researchers hypothesized that most of the respondents are married and ages 45-55 years and most of them are college undergraduates. 2. The researchers hypothesized that most of the respondents are unemployed since on the first hypothesis of the researchers is that most the respondents are college undergraduates so that they weren’t able to have a work whether Private or Government. 3. The researchers also hypothesized that most of the respondents of this study are living on apartment type or boarding house as their nature of occupancy since it is really hard to have or to own house and lot especially in commercial or in urban places. 4. The researchers hypothesized that most of the respondents have monthly income which ranges from P5000-10000 because most of them are college undergraduates. Even though they’re belonged on the lower part of the social strata their children are still studying. It is because that Filipinos believed on education that is the only key to success. 5. The researchers hypothesized that most of the respondents are aware on the K+12 program of the Department of Education due to the easy access on the information from TV, Radio, Internet or Newspapers. 6. The researchers hypothesized that a big number of respondents are insufficient on the knowledge about the k+12 Program of the Department of Education though there is an easy access to information that information is inadequate to give knowledge on the part of the respondents, the researchers believed that face-to-face communication is better than mediated means. 7. The researchers hypothesized that a great number of respondents are unfavoured on the k+12 program of DepEd because the researchers believed that the respondent’s capability such on financial state on the sudden implementation of this program is not enough. Significance of the Study K to 12 Curriculum is an innovative education system. This area of education has a dominance over the usual educational systems as it puts more weight on thinking and reaching own self-explanatory conclusions. To the Readers This study is primarily for the concern of the readers especially the parents who will shoulder most of the saddles of this new education program. But parents should be motivated of what this K to 12 education plan could offer to their children’s future. This is important because parents play a major role in providing for their child’s allowances, supplies and other fees in school. Add to that, the support and effort of teaching and guiding their children. Since K to 12 offers a more balanced approach to learning that will enable children to acquire and master lifelong learning skills, therefore, K to 12 graduates will have higher earning potential since they will be more competent and skilled compared to graduates of the current 10-year system. Aside from the parents, it will be the students who will benefit a lot from this new education system. Students will be free to pursue their passion. They will be given enough attention and will be given the chance to choose ele ctives that will suit their needs. Students will be more equipped, enriched and ready enough to face reality – the career world. To the Researchers As researchers, we get to be aware of the advantages of this program on how it can help and improve the quality of life of the country as a whole. Through having this research, it can change your wrong intuition about K to 12. And this will serve as a future reference. To the Educators Educators will also take a big part on this program. They will be playing bigger roles towards the students. Primary need of teacher education programs is to design and implement powerful uses of technology that will provide the students with more effective and challenging experiences. Educators would undergo different seminars and programs in relation with the K to 12 education system. It will help teachers to be more equipped in teaching and it will be a professional development tool that boosts their confidence to integrate the latest technology in the classroom. To the Filipinos Once this new program succeeds, it is best hoped that Filipino students would be more literate, capable, and competitive to be able to find jobs more easily and contribute to the country’s pride as well as the country’s economy. The Philippine education system will be at par with international standards. K+12 will facilitate mutual recognition of Filipino graduates and professionals in other countries. Lastly, a better educated society provides a sound foundation for long-term socio-economic development. The Enhanced K+12 Basic Education system will contribute to the development of emotionally and intellectually mature individuals capable of pursuing productive employment or entrepreneurship or higher education disciplines. To the Department of Education This would be a great assist on the institution with the data and results that would be gathered and prepared by the researchers, the Department of Education would have an information based material that will be useful in developing the said program. Scope and Limitations The researchers limit the study on the level of awareness, knowledge and the attitude(s) of the Parents of Pedro E. Diaz High School about K+12 education program. This study looked into the discernment of parents regarding the issue of K+12, as well scrutinizes the benefits they assumed to be develop from this issue. The researchers limited its study into 50 respondents via random sampling technique. Only parents from Grade 7 students of Pedro E. Diaz High School were involved. The study will be conducted from the month of July to the month of October year 2012-2013. Definition of Terms *Attitude- it is a manner, disposition, feeling, position, etc., with regard to a person or thing; tendency or orientation, especially of the mind: a negative attitude; group attitudes. Position or posture of the body appropriate to or expressive of an action, emotion, etc.: a threatening attitude; a relaxed attitude. (Retrieved from www.attitude.org.nz/) Awareness -is the state or ability to perceive, to feel, or to be conscious of events, objects, or sensory patterns. In this level of consciousness, sense data can be confirmed by an observer without necessarily implying understanding. More broadly, it is the state or quality of being aware of something. In biological psychology, awareness is defined as a human’s or an animal’s perception and cognitive reaction to a condition or event. (Retrieve from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awareness) * Curriculum-In formal education, a curriculum is the set of courses, and their content, offered at a school or university. As an idea, curriculum came from the Latin word for race course, referring to the course of deeds and experiences through which children grow to become mature adults. A curriculum may also refer to a defined and prescribed course of studies, which students must fulfil in order to pass a certain level of education. (Retrieved from www.ibe.unesco.org) * Dominance-superior development of one side of the body, the power or right to give orders or make decisions. (Retrieved from dictionary.reference.com) * K+12-are a designation for the sum of primary and secondary education. It is used in the United States, Canada, Philippines and Australia. P–12 is also occasionally used in Australia. The expression is a shortening of Kindergarten (K) for 4–6-year-olds through twelfth grade (12) for 16–19-year-olds, the first and last grades of free education in these countries. (Retrieved from wikipedia.org) Knowledge- it is Human faculty resulting from interpreted information; und erstanding that germinates from combination of data, information, experience, and individual interpretation. A information that changes something or somebody—either by becoming grounds for actions, or by making an individual (or an institution) capable of different or more effective action. ( Retrieved from www.businessdictionary.com/definition/knowledge.html#ixzz21sSOrnbY) * Motivation- is a process that elicits, controls, and sustains certain behaviours. Motivation is a group phenomenon that affects the nature of an individual’s behaviour, the strength of the behaviour, and the persistence of the behaviour. (Retrieved from dictionary.reference.com) Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES This chapter includes some related literature and studies of foreign and local researchers which are presented in the following paragraphs. Foreign Literature Regarding knowledge, Palmer (1998) emphasized that people should acquire appropriate range of knowledge, understanding, and concepts about the environment so that critical judgment can be achieved. Further, experiences and reflection in the environment should be allowed to refine â€Å"environmentally focused skills, further relevant knowledge, and development of appropriate attitudes and environmental awareness† (p.146). Orr (1992) reflected upon the concept of forming attitudes in order to build on ecological literacy. This ecological literacy should not be interpreted as the knowledge of facts and concepts only, but â€Å"the knowledge necessary to comprehend interrelatedness, and an attitude of care or stewardship† (p.92). Therefore â€Å"knowledge, the attitude of caring, and a practical competence are the basis of an ecological literacy† (Orr, 1990, p.51). Madsen (1996) emphasized the concept that awareness is the ultimate driving force that stimulates know ledge. The acknowledgement that an environmental problem exists entails being more cognizant of the facts about the state of the environment. â€Å"This degree of environmental awareness involves a personal commitment to work to solv/e environmental problems† (p.72). He emphasized the power behind the awareness factor by categorizing three levels of awareness as: basic belief of an environmental problem, factual and scientific knowledge, and a commitment to solve environmental problems. Athman and Monroe (2000) stated that awareness and knowledge of environmental processes and systems play an important role in EE. However, these are not the only factors affecting the behavior outcome. Behavior is what people do, whether it is environmentally appropriate or inappropriate (Hernandez & Monroe, 2000).Behavior in general is supported by knowledgeand attitude but there is not a direct cause-and-effect progression from knowledge to attitude to behaviour (Monroe, Day, & Grieser, 2000 ). Awareness was studied along with environmental knowledge and concern by Hausbeck, Milbrath and Enright (1992).In this study the authors concluded that awareness and concern scores were significantly higher than knowledge levels.They linked this result with the fact that a primary source of environmental information is electronic media (NEETF, 1998, p.14), where as awareness and concern can be picked up with little substantive knowledge (p.31). Some predictors of environmentalism using the NEP 2000 instrument were: age, education, and political ideology (Dunlap, Van Liere, Mertig, & Jones, 2000). Rovira (2000) concluded in an evaluation of parents, that environmental consciousness might be influenced by social factors such as social position, age, and level of education. The awareness, knowledge, and attitude of the parents can de influenced with the socio-economic and educational factors. Morrone, Mancl, & Carr (2001) included socioeconomic status (SES) as one of four factors in a st udy related to ecological knowledge. Respondents from low SES did not perceive environmental threats as seriously as did other respondents. Low SES respondents also rated themselves as more informed about the environment than did students and minorities. â€Å"Parents play a vital role in the development and education of their children. Parents and families have the primary responsibility for the development of their children’s character, with the support of their school and community. In addition, research clearly indicates that good schools become better schools when there is a strong connection with parents as part of the learning community. Thus, parents play an important role within the school community, but also through the attitudes they help to shape, and the direct supports they provide to their children.† The researchers want to conclude that the knowledge, awareness and attitude of parents can have an impact on the acceptance of K+12 Education system that ou r government has now implemented. Local Literature The researchers would want to focus now about K+12. It has long been a popular notion that any attempt to lengthen the required number of years in basic education will be faced with a howl of protests, particularly from parents who will bear the brunt of additional expenses and students who will have to spend more years in school. I’m really searching to actively engage them towards a consensus because it would be pointless to come up with the program that is good objectively but is not acceptable to people. â€Å"So I always feel it’s important that we engage people. I think it’s a matter of explaining to them, but also engaging them because I’ve gotten some very good inputs and suggestions from people. So I think our task is to respond to their concerns and anxieties. K+12 program pg 9 K+12 aren’t meant to be the pill that cures the illness that pervades Philippine education. The most obvious component is the additional two years that will be added to the basic education cycle (that and the inclusion of universal kindergarten). For President Aquino, k+12 will give public schoolchildren â€Å"an even chance at succeeding.† In the long run, it is the educat ion initiative that supposed to open doors for economic advancement to young Filipinos. This envisioned becoming one of the Aquino administration’s most significant accomplishments towards producing a highly-skilled and educated citizenry and building a more robust economy. If substantial improvements in the quality of public basic education can be introduced through k+12 the department argues, our country’s gross Domestic product can increase by 2 percent. It has also been pointed out that k+12 can help spur the entrepreneurial climate in the country. Ultimately, therefore, K+12 hopes to go beyond lengthening the basic education cycle. It hopes to empower our students, allowing them to complete more effectively for jobs abroad, have their academic credentials recognized automatically in other countries without the benefit of tertiary education. Among the 115 Unesco member-states, the Philippines os said to be one of only three countries (the other two being Djibouti a nd Angola) that maintains a 10-year pre-university education system. Proponents argue that shifting to a 12-year basic education cycle will give more time for teachers to teach a subject and for students to absorb what is being taught in school. The introduction of k+12 is thus envisioned to help solve some of the most pressing problems facing Basic education: low achievement test scores, a congested curriculum, and the inadequate preparation of high school students for work and college. Deped has pointed out that our 10-year basic education system produces graduates below the age of 18, which means they are too young to eitherenter the labor force or start a business on their own. K=+12 program pg.11 By 2020, the Philippines will join the APEC Trade Regime. Before these two events happen, we have to prepare our graduates to be globally competitive. There are no other alternatives but to align our degree programs with those of other countries.† This is the main reason that the members of the Presidential Task Force for Education (PTFE), particularly CHED, are rushing the addition of at least one more and even two more years to our education cycle. All other countries in the world have 15 or 16 years of education from Grade 1 to undergraduate graduation. The Philippines has the shortest education cycle in the world (only 10 years of public basic education and usually only 4 years of undergraduate education, for a total of 14). European countries have 12 years of basic education and 3 years of undergraduate education. The United States and Asia-Pacific countries have 12 years of basic education and 4 years of undergraduate education. (Myanmar is an exception because it has only 11 years of basic education before 4 years of undergraduate education. India is also an exception, because it has only 3 years of undergraduate education after 12 years of basic education.) Mutual recognition of qualifications and degrees will be undertaken by ASEAN countries and the rest of the Asia-Pacific region. Thus, HEIs [Higher Education Institutions] must prepare for it now. The qualifications of our graduates must be improved to meet our development goals. Isagani R. Cruz pg.103 A good example of how equivalencies work is the Washington Accord (1989), an international agreement that specifies that a professional engineer must have gone to school for at least 16 years if she or he wants to practise in another country. With only 10 years of public basic educat ion and even with 5 years of engineering, we are still one year short. Another often-cited international agreement is the Bologna Accord (1999), which specifies that professional accountants, pharmacists, physical therapists, and so on should have at least 3 years of undergraduate education in addition to 12 years of basic education. Again, our 14-year education cycle is one year short. In fact, since most Filipinos want to live and work abroad anyway, there is no reason to think that ensuring employment abroad through equivalent local education will be met with resistance. The answer is simple: students and parents cannot afford the extra year of food, clothing, shelter, and lost income. Isagani R. Cruz pg.104-105 Fortunately,we have a Philippine best practice to guide us in this matter of length versus content. When De La Salle University shifted from a semestral to a trimestral system in 1981, teachers had to rethink their syllabi. It was not just a matter of teaching 18 weeks’ worth of material in 14 weeks. That would have been not just impossible, but pedagogically unsound. The expected learning competencies per subject, and therefore the entire curriculum, had to be revised. It is, therefore, not just a matter of saying that there should be a Grade 7 or a Fifth or Sixth Year High School or a Pre-Univ ersity Year in college. Just as important as the decision on when to add the missing year or years is the decision on how to change the entire curriculum to make it rational and effective. Isagani R. Cruz pg.108-109 It is also clear that we cannot add the missing year to elementary school, because we would have to wait 7 years for a Grade 1 student to finish Grade 7, 4 more years to finish high school, and 4 more years to finish college. Isagani R. Cruz pg.111 CHED wants to solve a problem (the lack of years) of basic education through higher education. That, of course, seems inappropriate, because CHED is not supposed to worry about basic education. The second thing is to understand that the extra year should focus on subjects that will prepare the student for college work (â€Å"college† as defined by Harvard and Oxford). Isagani R. Cruz pg.112-113 The Presidential Task Force for Education (PTFE) has hit upon the correct solution to this mismatch. It recommends that we shou ld not expect everybody to go to college. The PTFE recommends that high school graduates be streamed into either college or technical-vocational (tech-voc) programs. For tech-voc, our current ten-year basic education cycle is enough. With some improvements to be brought about by moving some college General Education Curriculum (GEC) subjects down to high school, the public school system should be able to prepare students to go into a tech-voc program that may take anywhere from one to three years. Everybody goes through six years of elementary school and four years of high school (plus preschool and kindergarten, where feasible). This is the DepEd cycle as we now have it. After high school, everybody takes an exam. Those that pass the exam may go to the university stream. Those that do not pass the exam may go to the polytechnic stream (polytechnic sounds much better than tech-voc). The Final Report of the Presidential Task Force for Education (PTFE) contains several recommendations to reform our educationalsystem. Many of these recommendations are not new, but were widely discussed and agreed upon in earlier surveys, such as the Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM, 1992) and the Presidential Commission on Educational Reform (PCER, 2000). (Isagani R. Cruz pg.114-115) There are numerous questions concerning the issues and problems existing in the Philippine Educational System as to how we can resolve it the best way we could to attain that kind of quality of education we have been searching and longing for. Where do we begin and how do we respond to such? Public schools are the building blocks of our societies. They can be considered our foundational instruments. Although these venues o f learning play significant roles, they are unable to provide the best they can, due to their numerous flaws. As I’ve gone through different readings and researches, questions were arising in my mind as to what solutions are applicable in addressing the problems about the quality of education, affordability, budget, mismatch, integration of sex education in the curriculum, R.A. 9710 (Magna Carta for Women) and other concerns which are somehow related to it. I will always stand for what I believe in according to my observations that we have good guidelines and policies on education but what is lacking is the ability to implement such in accordance to the needs of every school, majority of which belong to the public education system. Generally, Philippine Education aims to provide quality and free education both for the elementary and secondary public schools but again this have not been observed and understood well causing it to be a burden most especially to the students and parents. www.essays.se/†¦/Local+literature+about+educ†¦ Foreign Studies The researchers would want to focus on the outcomes of the K-12 education system to other countries. In fall 2005, 757,116 students wereenrolled in grades K-12 in Colorado’s public schools, ranking 22nd in the country in terms of total state K-12 public school enrollment (NEA 2005). Researcher Tom Mortenson of Postsecondary Education Opportunity calculates a ninth-grade student’s â€Å"chance for college† by age 19 in each state and nationwide by combining high school graduation rates with rates of student college-going. In Colorado in 2004, a ninth-grader had a 42.2% chance for college by age 19. Nationwide, the chance for college is just 38.1% Colorado ranks 15th on this indicator. Of the peer states used in this report, only Minnesota ranks higher, with a chance for college of 54.6% (Mortenson, 2006).In 2002, 57.3% of high school graduates in Colorado continued directly on to post-secondary education. This is slightly higher than the national average of 56.6%. In a study conducted for the Department of Local Affairs, researchers convened directors of Colorado’s regional Workforce Investment Boards. These officials reported difficulty finding qualified applicants for both entry-level and skilled positions, and concerns about a lack of basic skills in the workforce (Blansett and Gershwin, 2005). According to the conclusion of Learning Together: Assessing Colorado’s K-12 Education System conducted by Center for Education Policy Analysis at the Graduate School of Public Affairs and University of Colorado at Denver And Health Sciences Center, Colorado could and should be doing better in educating K-12 students. Notably, t heir state’s struggles with educating traditionally at-risk students has resulted in student achievement and high school graduation gaps that are among the largest in the country. If they were to make substantial progress on closing these gaps, their achievement statistics would quickly rise to the top. Many of their peer states face greater challenges than they do in terms of state-wide poverty and diverse student populations, yet they have managed to find greater success with closing gaps. Until Colorado finds the collective will, the leadership, and the resources to solve this problem, they will continue to be average when they could be outstanding. Local Studies The 1987 Philippine Constitution puts special premium on education and accords it with the highest budgetary priority. Article XIV, Section 1, in particular, explicitly provides: â€Å"The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels.† Article XIV, Section 5(5) clearly mandates the State to â€Å"assign the highest budgetary priority for education.† However, despite these constitutional guarantees, current performance indicators showed a dismal picture of the quality of education in the country. Participation rates have worsened; dropout rates remain high and the Philippines continue to perform poorly in both national and international assessment tests (Policy Brief, 2011). As a response to this issue, the DepEd is pushing for the passage of a law that will implement the so-called K to 12 program, which will institutionalize pre-school and add two more years of high school in the country’s basic education cycle. However, in light of the tight fiscal situation and the mounting demands coming from all other sectors, the increasing cost of living and the additional burden that this measure will entail particularly for households, it is important to determine whether K to 12 is a viable and critical program that needs to be pursued (Ibid, 2011). Philippine Business for Education (PBEd), a group of top businessmen who are pushing for education reforms, welcomed government’s strong resolve to finally put in place a decades-old proposal for a K+12 basic education cycle. â€Å"The K+12 gives to the masses the extra years of schooling that for many years has only been available in private elite education institutions. Studies have shown that every additional year of schooling improves the income potential of a student as she/he enters the world of work† (Malipot, 2010). The government wants to improve the quality of education not only for private education institutions but also for the public education institutions in the Philippines and as a result of that, the country will have higher employment rate. However, the problem that can arise from the implementation of K+12 education system is the acceptance of the parents. It has long been a popular notion that any attempt to lengthen the required number of years in basic education will be faced with a howl of protests, particularly from parents who will bear the brunt of additional expenses and students who will have to spend more years in school (Educator Magazine, 2011). The government is trying different strategies on how the parents will have awareness and knowledge on the K+12 Education Program. â€Å"[Former DepEd Secretary] Br. Andrew Gonzalez used to say, ‘I’m reall y searching to actively engage them towards a consensus because it would be pointless to come up with a program that is good objectively but is not acceptable to people. There should be political will, but it’s not like we ram things down people’s throats. You have to win them over, you have to explain-that’s a very long process† (Ibid, 2011). Luistro qualifies. â€Å"So I always feel it’s important that we engage people. I think it’s a matter of explaining to them, but also engaging them because I’m gotten some very good inputs and suggestions from people. So I think our task is to respond to their concerns and anxieties† (Ibid, 2011). After two months of regional consultations, Education Secretary Armin Luistro revealed that the proposal was able to get support from 1,274 out of 1,417 participants or 77 percent in the 17 regions. Among the stakeholders, DepEd found that the most supportive group is the students. The program got 100 percent support from Regions IVA, IVB, V, VII, VIII, XI, and XIII (Caraga).But Luistro admitted that there are still many sentiments against it. Stakeholders in Region IX, for example, presented a lot of concerns and reservations. Out of 45 attendees, only six or 13 percent showed support to the program. In the NCR, the K+12 Education program was able to get support from 67 out of the 94 participants or a grade of 71 percent (Malipot, 2011). CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter presents the research design, sample and sampling technique, instrumentation and statistical treatment of the data used in the development of this study; the most convenient and precise methods were used that enabled the researchers to obtained functional information. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD For this study â€Å"A Study on the Level of Awareness, Knowledge and the Attitudes of the parents of Pedro E. Diaz High School on the k+12 Program of the Department of Education†, the researchers used Quantitative approach. In Quantitative research, the process is formal, objective and systematic in which numerical data are utilized to obtain information about the world. Moreover, this study is descriptive in the manner of interpreting the data. As pointed by John W. Best, in descriptive research, the variables and procedure are described as accurately and completely as possible so that the study can be replicated by other research. Thus, the researchers used the Quantitative – Descriptive Approach and Design since it lent itself to the identification of the actual conditions relative to the K+12 curriculum and the relationship of the respondents with the recurring situation. The research method used in this study was Survey Questionnaire Method. Survey Questionnaire m ethod according to Cruz et.al. (2011) is a set of questions, which is intended for the problem to be answered by the respondents. This is usually accompanied by clear and concise directions, which are sent to the respondent by mail or hand carried. This method is relatively simple and inexpensive for it requires small staff to handle it. A standard set of questions can be prepared and the respondents may feel a greater sense of freedom to express views and opinions because their identities are not known. For this study the parents of Pedro E. Diaz an answer the questionnaire with privacy at their own convenience. Sample and Sampling Technique For this study, the group used probability technique specifically the random sampling in deriving or in determining the sample of this study. In random sampling, this is done by getting a certain percentage of the population to be included in the study. In this research 25 % of the total population is used. In relation to this study, the parents of Grade 7 students, randomly selected, from Pedro E. Diaz High School were the Study sample. Research Instrumentation The instrument that was used in this study to gather pertinent data needed in this study is survey questionnaire. The survey questionnaire was developed by the researcher anchored with the research objectives. The items were organized based on the Level of Awareness, Knowledge and the Attitudes of the parents of Pedro E. Diaz High School on the k+12 Program. The survey questionnaire consists of the following: Demographic Profile, Respondent’s Socio-Economic Profile, Level of respondent’s Awareness on k+12, Respondent’s Knowledge on K+12 and Attitude(s) of Respondent on K+12. Data Gathering Procedure The researchers asked permission to administer the questionnaire checklist from the school authorities concerned which included the Principal of Pedro E. Diaz High School. After the approval of the authorities concerned, the researchers distributed personally the questionnaire to 50 parents on July 2012. The questionnaire checklists were therefore administered to all 50 parents. The retrieval of the instrument was through one week after the questionnaires have been distributed. With the fully cooperation extended to the researchers by the teachers the 100% of the distributed instrument was retrieved. Statistical Treatment of Data The researchers used the random sampling technique to the get respondents. The 25 % of the population is used, thus: Population = 200 parents Population x 25 % = 50 respondents The data was obtained was tallied and tabulated. Tables and figures were used to illustrate the data gathered for presentation, interpretation and analysis. All data obtained from the responses to the questionnaire-checklist were collected and tabulated after which they are statistically treated using this percentage and weighted are on rank order. Chapter 4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA This chapter shows analyzed and interpreted tables of the information gathered. 1. Demographic Profile Table 1.1 Age (Class)| Frequency| Percentage| 29-32| 2| 4%| 33-36| 7| 14%| 37-40| 5| 10%| 41-44| 12| 24%| 45-48| 12| 24%| 49-52| 9| 18%| 53-56| 1| 2%| 57-61| 2| 4%| | Total=50| Total:100%| The respondents’ percentage of ages 41 to 44 is 24 %, same with ages 45 to 48. The least percentage is 4 % which falls on the respondents aging 57 – 61. Table 1.2 Gender| Frequency| Percentage| Female| 42| 84%| Male| 8| 16%| | Total=50| Total:100%| There are 42 females which is 84 % of the respondents, wherein there are 8 males which is 16 % of the respondents. Table 1.3 Civil Status| Frequency| Percentage| Separated| 3| 6%| Widowed| 2| 4%| Married| 44| 88%| Single| 1| 8%| | Total=50| Total:100%| The 88 % of the population is married. The least percentage is 8 % which belongs to single respondents. Table 1.4 Respondent’s Educational Background| Frequency| Percentage| Elementary Graduate| 3| 6%| High School Graduate| 32| 64%| College Graduate| 12| 24%| Others: (College Undergraduate)| 3| 6%| | Total=50| Total:100%| The table shows the educational background of the respondents. 64 % of the respondents graduated from High School, 6 % is Elementary graduate same with College Graduate. 2. Respondent’s Socio-Economic Profile Table 2.1 Respondent’s Monthly Income| Frequency| Percentage| 5,000- 10,000| 30| 60%| 10,001-15,000| 11| 22%| 15,001-20,000| 3| 6%| 20,001-25,000| 6| 12%| | Total=50| Total:100%| The table shows the respondents’ monthly income. The 60 % of the respondents have an income ranging from 5,000 to10, 000. The 22 % has an income ranging from 10,001 to 15, 000. The least 6 % has an income ranging from 20,001 to 25,000. Table 2.2 Respondent’s Source of Income| Frequency| Percentage| Employment| 41| 82%| Own Business| 9| 18%| | Total=50| Total:100%| The table shows the respondents’ sources of income. The 82 % of the respondents are employed privately while the 18 % of the respondents have their own business. 3. Level of respondent’s Awareness on k+12 Table 3.1 Respondent’s Awareness| Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 38| 76%| No| 12| 24%| | Total=50| Total:100%| The table shows the level of awareness of the respondents. The 76 % of the respondents are aware of the K+12 Program while 24 % of the respondents do not know exactly the program. If Yes, Table 3.2 In Media| Frequency| Percentage| Radio| 8| 21.67%| Newspaper| 9| 24.17%| TV| 13| 33.33%| Internet| 4| 10.83%| Others:| 4| 10.83%| | Total=38 | Total:100%| The table shows where the aware respondents acquired the information. 33.33 % of the respondents get the information from television; 24.17 % get the information from newspaper; 21.67 % from radio; 10.83 % from internet and 10.83% get the information from other ways. Table 3.3 Awareness of Respondent’s on Additional 2 years in Basic Education| Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 39| 78%| No| 11| 22%| | Total=50| Total:100%| The table shows the awareness of respondents on the additional 2 years in the basic education. The 78 % of the respondents are aware of the additional years while 22 % of the respondents are not aware of the additional years. Table 3.4 Awareness of Respondent’s on Required Kindergarten on Education | Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 40| 80%| No| 10| 20%| | Total=50| Total:100%| The table shows the awareness of the respondents on required kindergarten on the education. The 80 % of the respondents are aware of the required kindergarten while 20 % of the respondents are not. 4. Respondent’s Knowledge on K+12 Table 4.1 Respondent’s Knowledge on Required Junior and Senior High School before Entering College| Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 32| 64%| No| 18| 36%| | Total=50| Total:100%| The table shows the respondents’ knowledge on required Junior and Senior High School before entering college. The 64 % of the respondents know about the required years while 36 % of the respondents do not. If yes, Table 4.2 Respondent’s Knowledge on technical and minor course in Senior High School| Frequency| Percentage| Yes| 26| 81.25| No| 6| 18.75| | Total=32| Total:100%| The table shows the respondents’ knowledge on technical and minor courses in Senior High School. The 81.25 % of the respondents know about the courses while 18.75 % of the respondents do not. 5. Attitude(s) of Respondent on K+12 Table 5.1 Respondent’s Attitude on K+12| Frequency| Percentage| Yes | 35| 70%| No| 15| 30%| | Total=50| Total:100%| The table shows the respondents’ attitude on K+12 Program. The 70 % of the respondents agreed on the Program while 30 % of the respondents do not. Table 5.2 Degree of Favorableness| Frequency| Percentage| Strongly Agree| 7| 14%| Agree| 26| 52%| Neutral| 17| 34%| | Total=50| Total:100%| The table shows the degree of favourableness of the respondents who agreed on the K+12 Program. The 52 % of the respondents agree on the said program while 14 % f the respondents strongly agreed and 17 % of the respondents are neutral. CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This chapter shows the conclusions and recommendations of the researchers. Conclusions After doing the survey to the selected respondents, the researchers arrived at the following conclusions: 1. Most of the respondents are aware of the K+12 Program regardless of their educational background. 2. The main source of the information to the program is through television and many from the respondents are aware of the additional 2 years to the basic education curriculum. 3. Most of the family of the respondents is having an income that is not enough to sustain and support the additional years for education. Recommendations: The researchers recommended the following: 1. The respondents for the future researches should be more than on this previous study. 2. 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