Traffic Information Surveys

Chapter – 4PRELIMINARY SURVEYS AND DATA COLLECTIONIn the chapter 3, we have discussed about the aim and methodological analysis adopted for the work. In this chapter, traffic studies which are to be conducted and the demand of the studies for explicating the indexes of the mobility are briefly explained. The chapter is organized into two parts which consists of, Preliminary studies are conducted for the informations aggregation and the 2nd portion consists of secondary informations aggregation, which is obtained from assorted beginnings.4.1. Traffic SurveiesThe undermentioned preliminary studies were conducted for developing index.Traffic volume count studySpeed and hold surveiesRoad stock list studyOpinion study4.1.1. Traffic volume count studyTraffic volume count studies are conducted to acquire the accurate values and information about the sum of vehicles go throughing through the study country. Need of traffic volume count study: Traffic volume count studies are used to: [ 6 ]Traffic tendencies can be established by mensurating the traffic volume.To find the one-year travel clip in vehicle kilometres for the bing system and based on it economic justification can be provided for new proposals.Highway user costs, grosss can be estimated.In the present survey, classified volume count studies were conducted at the beginning and the finish of the identified stretch Need for Classified volume count study: [ 6 ]Components of Geometric design of main roads such as breadth of lanes, design of inclines, clearances for overhead constructions ; classs etc. are dependent on the categorization of the vehicles and its volume on the route.Pavement deign, design of Bridgess and design of other substructure installations on the route requires informations about classified volume count.Volume to the capacity, normally termed as V/C ratio can be determined merely on the footing of classified volume count.Classified volume count at peak hours throws visible radiation on the lacks of the systemsTo supply justification for the regulative steps such as, one-way streets, routing of traffic, parking installations.Traffic volume informations is really much of import in traffic, deign, planning, operation and research intents. Traffic volume Count Survey is conducted at identified midblock for 8 hours of the twenty-four hours covering both forenoon and eventide extre mum and off-peak hours. Behavior of the study: Manual traffic counts were conducted at the identified midblock of beginning ( Sunkadakatte ) and finish ( K.R.Puram ) of the stretch selected for 8 hours of the twenty-four hours. At each midblock, both directional classified traffic volume count study were conducted for the computation of public presentation indexs. Analysis of the informations: The traffic volume count informations collected from the field is scrutinized and the values are analyzed, where the information is analyzed. The entire volume is converted to Passenger auto units ( PCU ) as per IRC: 106-1990 to find the volume of the route to its capacity given in the codification.Vehicle TypeEquivalent PCU factors- Percentage composing of vehicles type in traffic watercourseFast Vehicles5 %10 % and above1. Two Wheeler motor rhythm / scooter0.50.752. Passenger auto, choice – up new wave1.01.03. Auto-rickshaw1.22.04. Light commercial vehicle1.42.05. Truck or Bus2.23.76. Agricultural Tractor Trailer4.05.0Slow vehicles7. Cycle0.40.58.Cycle jinrikisha1.52.09. Tonga ( Horse drawn vehicles )1.52.010. Hand cart2.03.0Table 4.1: PCU factors for assorted types of vehicles [ 7 ] ( Beginning: Table 1: Recommended PCU factors for assorted types of vehicles on urban roads. IRC: 106-1990 [ 7 ] ) End product of the survey: The obtained PCU/HR for both Peak and off–Peak hours are analyzed and the Volume/Capacity is calculated for the finding of the public presentation index.4.1.2. Speed and hold surveiesTravel velocity is reciprocally relative to go clip. The travel clip survey provides informations for the sum of clip required to track a specified subdivision of route web. These types of informations provide information about velocity, hold informations. Travel clip and hold features are good indexs of the degree of service that is provided and can be used to mensurate the efficiency of the traffic flow. The velocity and hold surveies yields the informations about mean journey clip, mean journey velocity, norm stopped hold, mean running clip, entire stopped hold and mean running velocity along the stretch studied. Need of Speed and hold surveies:Speed and hold surveies can supply information on the sum, location, nature of hold and cause for the hold. Congestion can be evaluated and can be rectified by traffic and other ordinances.Congestion index, Travel clip index are all dependant on the travel clip, which is obtained by the velocity and hold surveies.Behavior of the study: Out of the assorted available methods for transporting out velocity and hold surveies, drifting auto method / Test-Car technique method is used for the current undertaking. Two trial tallies are conducted to find velocity and hold for both peak and off-peak hr of the twenty-four hours. Analysis of the informations: The volume count informations collected from the field is scrutinized and the information is analyzed. The mean journey clip( in proceedingss ) for all the vehicles in the watercourse along the way of flow Q is given by equation 4.1 and 4.2 [ 5 ] = Ttungsten– ( nY/q ) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4.1 Q = ( na+nY) / ( Ta+ Ttungsten) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..†¦4.2 Where, Q = flow of vehicles along one way of the watercourse. Na= mean figure of vehicles counted in the way of the watercourse when the trial vehicle travels in the opposite way. NY= mean figure of vehicles catching the trial vehicle minus the figure of vehicles overtaken when the trial vehicle is in the way of Q. Ta= mean journey clip, in minute when the trial vehicle is running against the watercourse Q. Ttungsten= mean journey clip, in minute when the trial vehicle is running with the watercourse Q. ( Mention: Highway Engineering, S.K.Khanna and C.E.G.Justo ) [ 5 ] End product of the survey Delaies along the stretch are obtained and the type and ground for the holds are besides obtained.4.1.3. Road Inventory SurveyRoad stock list study is conducted to update the database of the bing route web. Behavior of the study: For the selected stretch, ocular stock list was conducted and the undermentioned stock lists of the installation have been done.Identified subdivision length.Effective route breadth.Presence of median.Quality of siting surfacePresence of intersection installations.Handiness of foot way installations.Parking installations.Identified subdivision lengthTwo test tallies were conducted from Sunkadakatte to K.R.Puram and back, to find the effectual subdivision length between the beginning and finish and it is has been found out to be 26kms.Effective route breadth.Road breadth available for the vehicular motion is calculated for every 250m utilizing tape and is represented as below in the graph. It is classified as route width holding breadth & A ; gt ; 7.5m, breadth & A ; lt ; 7.5m, Width & A ; gt ; 10.5m. Graph indicates that 41 % of the route in the identified stretch has effectual route breadth & A ; gt ; 7.5m, 25 % has less than 7.5m, and 34 % has greater than 10.5m. Figure 4.1: Road width ClassificationPresence of median.Majority of the route which comes under identified subdivision has median, approximately 86 % of the stretch has average and it is absent or removed for approximately 14 % of the subdivision, due to the building of subway and other infrastructural activity. Figure 4.2: Median HandinessQuality of siting surfaceQuality of siting surface is evaluated by Pavement rating [ 8 ] by ocular observations. Following process is followed to measure the quality of siting surface. 5 Pavement like new 4 Many old ages of service life 3 Near to or necessitating Rehabilitation 2 Should hold been rehabilitated in the last twosome of old ages 1 Should hold been rehabilitated many old ages 0 ago Figure 4.3: Quality of siting surface Based on the above process siting quality is evaluated and is found out to be 3.71 for the full stretch.Presence of intersection installations.For the stretch of 26kms there are about 39 signalized intersections.Handiness of foot way installationsRoad stock list surveies are conducted to mensurate the handiness of footpath length and this has installation has been described briefly under Walkability index in chapter 4Parking installationsParking length on the on-street has been carried out to find the On-street parking index. This installation has been described briefly under On-street parking index in chapter 4.4.2. Secondary Data CollectionThe secondary informations required for the survey is collected from the assorted beginnings and informations collected from assorted authorities sections are as follows:Bangalore City Traffic Police.Accident statistics informations is obtained from Bangalore City Traffic Police.Regional Transport Office, Bangalore. ( RTO )Datas about Vehicles en rollment and the growing of vehicles for the decennaries is obtained from RTO, Bangalore.Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation ( BMTC )Datas abut coach fleet size, figure of agendas, figure of riders carried per twenty-four hours is obtained from BMTC, Bangalore.

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Running Head: THE RHETORICAL ANALYSIS IN â€Å"NO WOMAN NO CRY† The Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"No Woman No Cry† by Bob Marley and the Wailers Karen Start Dr. Felicia Dziadek Composition 1301 October 1, 2011 Abstract In this paper, the rhetorical analysis of the lyrics to â€Å"No Woman No Cry†, made famous by Bob Marley and the Wailers, has been analyzed to reveal the rhetoric mean. Historical events in the Jamaican government’s actions influenced the singer to protect, in a peaceful manner, the people and culture of his country, Jamaica.Repetition of phrases, sentence structure, tones and values of the song are used by the artist to help â€Å"move† the people then and still today. The Rhetorical Analysis of â€Å"No Woman No Cry† by Bob Marley and the Wailers Try not start the opening sentence with a quote. â€Å"1979, Boston, MA, live at Amandla Festival-Harvard Stadium, Bob Marley and the Wailers performed the song ‘No Woman No C ry’ mid day because promoters feared a riot [would spark in the streets. † (moga1985's Channel, 2006) One of the great songs ever written, â€Å"[n]umber 37 on Rolling Stone’s 500 Greatest Song of All Time† (Wailers, B. M. , 2011. ), made a huge impact on society when the famous musician Bob Marley helped to bring peace into his country. But what is it that attracts and persuades people to react after listening to words of a performer? The music,take out the the lyrics, tones, beat, or is it the rhetorical statement within the song?After completing the recent research of â€Å"No Woman No Cry†, the proposed purpose of this melody is said to preach the word for a better government, and is dedicated to Bob Marley’s mother, Ciddy, for the love and support she provided through the hard times in Trenchtown, Jamaica. The people of Jamaican took the rhetorical meaning of the song into action. Rebellions and riots were feared to hit the streets to fi ght for peace and love the natives deserved in Jamaica. Bob Marley’s face and name revolves around the drastic change of Jamaica. Taking the hetorical meaning of this simple song is strong enough to be used as a weapon to protect rights; to have a better life. To help further understanding of Bob Marley’s words, the information collected has been constructed, analyzed, and developed into a thought of the rhetorical analysis, (and the reasoning for the words carefully chosen for the song â€Å"No Woman No Cry†) take this out. Bob Marley carefully chose his words for the song â€Å"No Woman No Cry† to show the desperate need for peace and to love to his nation by using repetitions, a variety of tones and beats, and peaceful rebellion.The rhetorical analysis of Bob’s songs helped to motivate the people into an understanding of the need for peace. In everyday life we experience rhetorical situations, such as advertisements or just simply trying to get someone to raise the thermostat without asking but initially presenting the issue. In most rhetorical situations, people continue to retain the music or rhythm without noticing the rhetoric in songs, poems, and articles. Such an example is the famous repetative song â€Å"No Woman No Cry† by Bob Marley and the Wailers.It is believed the song was intentionally written for Bob Marley’s mother, Ciddy, or for the sake of his country and religion. Reason for such rhetorical words was because of the independence of Jamaica. Marley was being â€Å"[e]xposed to the staunch realities of abject poverty, low pay, malnutrition and disease and a lack of political rights by the poor, houses which were anything from cardboard boxes to beaten out oil drums nailed together, roadblocks, migration, [and] food shortage. † (rasta man vibrations, 2011. Life became hard for the Jamaicans therefore the song’s rhetorical message relates to the politics at the time being and influ enced millions world-wide for peace. The phrase â€Å"[i]n the government yard in Trenchtown, Oba, ob-serving the hypocrites† (Ford, Vincent, 1976) refers to the lack of help and support for the people suffering. Marley’s rebellion wasn’t just to preach how bad the government is or to persuade the public to revolt; in fact his voice rang another bell. To teach the world to love and take care of one another is the message in between the lines of the lyrics.His famous quote â€Å"No Woman No Cry† has imprinted the Jamaican government with a rhetorical situation of hard times in life, and the tone peace and love sets a good state of mind in the people’s hearts; in which helped the movement of Jamaican independence. The message from the lyrics means more than just singing to be heard, it’s about having a better life, and to show that â€Å"No Woman [should] No[t] Cry† (Ford, Vincent. ) because the future will be better. To get to the rhet orical message, you must first discover the features of the song â€Å"No Woman No Cry† for a better understanding of how and why the lyrics and beats influence the message.The construction of a song can show other characteristics about the artist’s appearances or beliefs. First recognized by the audience are the diction and the chronological order of ideas from the performer. Bob Marley’s chose of words are mainly informal diction. He speaks to his audience as if he personally knows them. Bob’s language is so passionate and his words relate to the audience on a deep personal level. A popular choice of writing is repetition of words or phrases also used in the â€Å"No Woman No Cry†. The lines â€Å"No Woman No Cry† and â€Å"Everything’s gonna be alright† (Ford, Vincent. are repeated and detain a deeper message verses just seeing the plain text. Sentence structure is also a helpful tool used by artist. The arrangement of ideas in a song is very important. In the Also, the performance of the song is very sophisticated. Because Marley’s words were so passionate, people literally took the rhetorical message into action. Most reggae music is a form of steady beat and ska combined and slowed. Usually the third or fourth string is accented and this tends to be the standard rhythm.The rhythm, beats, repetition of words, and the order of Bob Marley’s ideas all contribute to the rhetorical message of the song. Content and form are presented in the song and correspond to one another. The main purpose received from â€Å"No Woman No Cry† was the simple fact to not worry or stress and that the individual will be reassured â€Å"everything will be alright†. The author of the song appeals to the reason of hardship in Trechtown, Jamaica. Such reason of this is the change of Jamaica’s government control. Independence was won shortly before the burst of reggae music.People began to view life differently and shift to a new prospective. Not only does Bob Marley make music but he also changes many individual minds on a variety of subjects. When individuals listen to the words presented in a song, they form an image or story of what the performer is introducing. For the song â€Å"No Woman No Cry†, the audience infers it is about a woman and the performer is trying to reassure her that there is no reason to cry. But in reality, the sweet words are directed into two ways. One line in the lyrics â€Å"Then we would cook cornmeal porridge† (Ford, Vincent. ) is eferring to the dinners Marley would enjoy with his mother. â€Å"Although porridge for dinner was an indication of the family’s economic need it was also conversely an indication of strength and love through Bob’s satisfaction with having such a meal. † (rasta man vibrations, 2011. ) This line is so sincere about the memories he shared with his mother growing up poor without food . After analyzing the song, a different perspective is formed. Majority of the audience assume the rhetorical message is directed to the relationship between Marley and his family and also to preach for a better system of government for Jamaica.Emotionally the audience feels a sense of hurt, hope, and calming peace from the performer. To contribute to this sense, form of the lyrics helps to portray such emotions. The structure of communication is sculpted into public communication; â€Å"In other words, it is the intention of the communicator that what is communicated might be received/apprehended by anyone. † (Faulkner, Andrew, 2009. ) The performer, Bob Marley, uses such communication in hopes the audience will receive the information of the public to understand and continue to fight for the hope of having a free and peaceful country.This usage of form and content helps the artist reach out to the public. Marley’s approach to the public and the techniques he had chos en were very useful to get his rhetorical message in his song clear to the point. Performers write and sing for various reasons and another key element to a performer’s writing is his audience. When listening to a song, a thought of whom the lyrics are directed to is proposed. ‘Who could the writer possibly be directing his attention to? ’ is question often brought to mind. In the perspective of Marley, his intentions were to his people; the natives suffering in Jamaica. Then we would cook corn meal porridge, Of which I'll share with you† this line considers the meals Bob Marley would eat with his mother. At the time in Jamaica, the public was so poor they couldn’t afford to have a diversity of food. The message within these lines is directed to his mother. Like many of the Jamaicans, Marley had experienced hardship therefore we can only assume his audiences are the people of Jamaica. â€Å"In its literal sense the song can be interpreted as an ode to Marley’s mother and the hardships they both faced in Trench Town†. (Rasta man vibration, 2011).The performer used much of his personal experiences show that he too feels the same as the rest of the public. In sense that the public wanted a better life; to have food, free of diseases, and a home to live in. We as the modern day listeners, interpret the song into manners in which we can understand. It is believed the information Marley has given to his audiences is exposed for the spread of the good word; peace. Historical events influence the people experiencing the change of life, hardship, pain, and the need of support from those who want to ‘rule’.The wide range of audiences Bob Marley has obtain have continued to spread the peace, love, and happiness in hope that one day the people of the world will not have to â€Å"she’d no tears. † (Ford, Vincent, 1974. ) Out of such powerful performances and significantly constructed communication cu lture and values can be produced. Marley had ‘moved the people’ into a cultural development people today continue to practice his motivations. Individuals practice the art of marijuana, love, peace movements, and creating reggae music. Marley’s face can be seen from posters to T-shirts and his words are used as greetings or goodbyes.Till this day, Marley’s name is best known for his perspective on life, the fight for his people, to keeping his religion, and a better government in his country. Many audiences have been reached out by the words of Bob Marley and his music lives on today touching the hearts of many people. The only clear cut rhetorical message Bob Marley has given to the world is the uplifting phrase, â€Å"Peace, Love, and Happiness. † Rhetorical analysis can provide a deeper intellectual thought of an article, book, poem, or song. In this case, the song â€Å"No Woman No Cry† by Bob Marley and the Wailers was analyzed to receiv e the message within the lines.Love, hope, pain, and sorrow all contribute to the long lasting song Bob Marley has given us. The sentence structure, structure of communication, and features used help to contribute the reasoning of â€Å"No Woman No Cry†. The performances of the artist contribute to the passive moving lyrics as well. A performer will most likely present the rhythm and beats to help the sentence stucture of the lyrics. Looking through the fine print of casual writings reveals rhetorical analysis with a little research and historical fact support. References 1. Bob Marley’s song No Woman No Cry. n. d. ). rasta man vibration. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http://www. rasta-man-vibration. com/no-woman-no-cry. html. 2. __video_username__, m. (2006, April 2). moga1985's Channel – YouTube . YouTube – Broadcast Yourself. . Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http://www. youtube. com/user/moga1985. 3. BobMarley. com | The Official Site of Bob Marley . (2010, December 27). BobMarley. com | The Official Site of Bob Marley . Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http://www. bobmarley. com/. 4. Wailers, B. M. (2011, September 20). No Woman, No Cry – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/No_Woman. 5. â€Å"No Woman No Cry Lyrics – Bob Marley. † Lyrics, Song Lyrics – LyricsFreak. com. N. p. , n. d. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. ;http://www. lyricsfreak. com/b/bob. 6. Ford, Vincent. â€Å"No Woman No Cry† lyric credit. (1976) 7. Faulkner, Andrew. â€Å"The Structure of Communication  « Reflections and Insights on Transformation. † Reflections and Insights on Transformation. N. p. , 17 May 2009. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. ;http://sureshfernando. wordpress. com/2009/05/17/the-structure-of-communication/;.

Multicultural Education Essay

The country is becoming a potluck of people coming from different nations. Many of them decided to pursue their studies in the U. S. in the hope of acquiring quality education. Consequently, a dilemma has arisen in this particular field which is caused by cultural and racial diversity. To address this problem, multicultural education emerged. Multicultural education aims to provide equal educational opportunities to all students coming from â€Å"diverse racial, ethnic, social-class, and cultural groups† (â€Å"Multicultural Education†, 1995, n. p. ). One of its main objectives is to aid students to acquire the necessary â€Å"knowledge, attitudes, and skills† in order to perform and function successfully in a free society where various races and cultures are present (â€Å"Multicultural Education†, 1995, n. p. ). Another primary objective of multicultural education is to arm the students with socializing skills that are highly essential for interacting, negotiating, and communicating with individuals from various groups that are culturally, racially and ethnically diverse so as to establish a value-centered community that benefits everyone in it (â€Å"Multicultural Education†, 1995). One of the major problems in multicultural education is the integration of the various cultural backgrounds of different nations in the school curriculum. The various cultural overviews and concepts should be reflected in the curriculum that offers multicultural education. A nation or a school that denies the integration of different aspects of culture into the curriculum is neither demographic nor cohesive, in the sense that the curriculum focuses mainly on one dominant culture and neglect the growing culture of the other students. Thus, diversity and disparity are encouraged by such types of curriculum for enriching one main culture (Banks, 1991). The topic has long been debated since there is a major alteration on the ethnic and cultural fabric of the country. The issue revolves on whether or not the changes in the cultural texture should be extended over the schools’ curricula. It is vital to affirm the adherence of the schools’ curricula to the nation’s racial, ethnic and cultural diversity. At present, most schools in the U. S. are utilizing the multicultural education and integrating cultural education in their curricula such as the Palm Beach County School District which has a separate department for multicultural education (Department of Multicultural Education, 2008). References Banks, J. A. (1991). Curriculum guidelines for multicultural education. National Council for the Social Studies.Retrieved August 15, 2008 from http://www. socialstudies. org/positions/multicultural/. Department of Multicultural Education. (2008, August 21). The School District of Palm Beach County. Retrieved August 22, 2008 from http://www. palmbeach. k12. fl. us/MULTICULTURAL/ Multicultural education. (1995). North Central Regional Educational Laboratory. Retrieved August 15, 2008 from http://www. ncrel. org/sdrs/areas/issues/educatrs/presrvce/pe3lk1. htm.

Maximizing the Professional Performance and Learning Rate Essay

Maximizing the Professional Performance and Learning Rate - Essay Example In my role as Head of Dance, I picked up on many of the technical and inner workings of management. As part of my position I was required to report to both Managers and Directors meetings and had to learn to work within the people above me. You learn how to report back to them your successes as well as your failures, and I learned to always keep them aware of what was going on inside my department. I also got to attend many seminars, including some held by Trinity College, London, Council for Dance Education and Training, Learning Skills Council, Dance UK, and the Music and Dance Scheme. I then got to report back my findings from these seminars to the â€Å"higher-ups† and learned how to easily and casually report things you have learned in a management setting. One of the jobs I found I simply picked up on as was never taught is the skill of organizing and documenting everything, and doing so in an accurate and clear way. Now, truth be told, simply working with documents and passing papers is a task that I wasn’t too fond of, and I don’t think there are many people who live simply to keep records. However, despite this, I had to adapt, overcome, and do the tedious work of keeping accurate records. I learned through experience that it is important to keep these records precise for future needs, some of which could even be down the road legal problems. I also learned how important it was to keep the confidentiality of all records as it should be, as that is also an important legal proceeding to keep in mind.

TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE ISSUES FOR A MOBILE APPLICATION TO SUPPORT Literature review

TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE ISSUES FOR A MOBILE APPLICATION TO SUPPORT CHRONIC DISEASE PATIENTS IN SAUDI ARABIA - Literature review Example However, the report indicated that in the next two decades non-communicable diseases in Africa would be the leading cause of deaths based on current projections. Apart from deaths, chronic diseases are also the major cause of disabilities among the population. Chronic diseases have further resulted to economic burden on the state government. In addition to non-communicable diseases, developing countries struggle with management of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and malaria epidemics. Jeffreys (2011) argued that the prevalence of chronic diseases in these states does not displace the effects of the infectious diseases but enhances further the deteriorative effects of both diseases. This has led to overburdening of the medical budget, which directly affects medical healthcare services. Increased cases of chronic diseases have been closely linked with poorer healthcare services due to inadequacy of funds and strained medical staff that are often overworked and underpaid. In the end, continual prevalence of non-communicable diseases is likely to deter economic growth of developing countries. This is due to diversion of funds to health care systems as opposed to allocation of the funds to income generating projects. There also exits the burden of managing risk factors associated with chronic diseases. According to Defronzo (2004), chronic diseases can be easily controlled by minimization of associated risk factors. The main risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases include the following: tobacco use in any form, intake of high cholesterol, low fruit and vegetable diet, overweight and obesity, alcohol consumption and sedentary lifestyle. Studies by Centre for Disease Control (2014) indicated that 80% of heart diseases, stroke and Type 2 diabetes could be prevented and controlled by avoiding chronic risk factors.

Consequences and Implications of Afghanistan Assisting Baluch Research Paper

Consequences and Implications of Afghanistan Assisting Baluch Seperatists - Research Paper Example Still, there are multiple issues between the two countries, like Durand Line, the present war in Afghanistan, Taliban, the legacy of Soviet invasions and the issues pertaining to Baluchistan and Pashtunistan, which are impacting the relationships between the two nations. Pakistan has time and again objected to assistance being extended by Afghanistan to the Baluch separatists. It goes without saying that if the perception regarding the Afghan assistance to Baluch separatists continues to exist; this could have multiple consequences for the already unstable state of Afghanistan. Afghanistan shares multiple historical and economic continuities and discontinuities with Pakistan in a long term perspective. Existing Issues between Pakistan and Afghanistan The Durand Line established in 1893 as per an agreement between the British India and Amir Abdur Rahman Khan is a bone of contention between Pakistan and Afghanistan (Banuazizi & Weiner 6). Pakistan inherited the demarcation of the spher e of influence by the Durand Line, after its partition from India in 1947. As per the Afghan government, it still refuses to accept the Durand Line as a true arbitrator of the sphere of influence between the two nations (Roberts 168). ... There does not lay any formal agreement for the ratification of the Durand Line between the two countries (Burki 198). The relations between the two Islamic nations continue to be strained because it is a firm belief of the Afghan authorities that Pakistan tends to exert a negative influence on Afghanistan (Campbell 65). Afghanistan has time and again blamed the Pakistani intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of meddling in the internal affairs of Afghanistan by supporting and arming the Taliban and other militant groups (Crews & Tarzi 69). Pakistan has continually denied these allegations by offering the excuse that the Pak military and intelligence has never tried to destabilize Afghanistan and it is primarily the non-state actors in Pakistan that support and arm the militant groups operating in Afghanistan. With the augmenting support of the United States regarding an Afghan led invasion of the militant tribes on the Pak-Afghan borders, the relationships between th e two nations have further got strained. Afghanistan plays an important strategic role as far as the Pakistani strategy in response to any future conflict with India is concerned (Baxter & Kennedy 54). It is a firm belief of the Pakistani strategists that in the event of a war with India, it would be pragmatic to shift the Pakistani supply lines in Afghanistan, so as to prepare for a counter offensive against India. Many Pakistanis support these envisaged strategic ties considering the religious, cultural, historical, linguistic and ethnic bonds between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Pakistan has continued to exercise an important role in the regime shifts in Afghanistan in the past. Pakistan supported the Mujahedeen offensive against the Russians, the internal

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Examine how effectively one local authority empowers young people by facilitating the election of a young mayor - Essay Example Apart from this, the other policies being undertaken by the government include the establishment of the ‘Youth Innovations Zones’. In fact, in recent scenario, the UK government is undertaking prudent strategies in order to accelerate the youth participation. The youth participation is increasing in the areas such as building futures, developing engagement and augmenting participation in learning as well as work among others (Department for Education, 2011). The UK government’s effort in providing the young generation with the power to generate opportunities for themselves can be well identified by ‘Young Mayor’s Project’. London Borough of Lewisham is known for its history that reflects about the encouragement and the involvement of young people’s participation pertaining to the local democracy. This particular project is determined as a strategy to encourage citizenship along with the participation of Lewisham’s young people. This study intends to discuss the effectiveness of the local authority in empowering the young people by facilitating the election of a young mayor in the London Borough of Lewisham. Furthermore, the concerned study will provide a reflection on the young people policies and practices. It will further evaluate the notion of youth participation and citizenship for the work with young people. ‘Young Mayor’ is regarded as a young person, who is usually elected by a group of young people to represent themselves. ‘Young Mayor Scheme’ is looked upon as the election process. In accordance with the ‘Youth Mayor Scheme’, it can be determined that this particular scheme executes considering the cabinet based system. One of the key constituents of Lewisham‘s Young Mayor Scheme is that it involves 25 young advisers for the purpose of decision making. In this regard, it can be well ascertained that their prior responsibilities include conveying the information and the concerns of the young

Education quiz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Education quiz - Essay Example Literal interpretation of written works also restricts them to understand emotions and to draw conclusions from written texts. The diversity of the requirements for understanding something demands effort from them which if not met could have the learner socially incapacitated. b. What instructional accommodations are generally recommended for students who experience this exceptionality? (For the sake of brevity, limit yourself to no more than three important accommodations. You do NOT have to elaborate, other than perhaps a sentence for each one.) To help such students, teachers are encouraged to give explicit instructions made simple so that the learners can be able to follow. Daily reviews would be a great help to assist them in retaining information that are important especially in the learning process. Since the understanding of a learning disabled student is limited, modeling is very helpful as it would be easy for them to understand what they see put in action than things expre ssed in words. 2. With respect to students who experience ADHD: a. In what way does this exceptionality affect the individual’s literacy development? For students with ADHD, their learning development could limit them to the very few things that they able to concentrate on. As ADHD learners usually have difficulty in focusing to a certain task, the possibility that an assignment could be completed could be far from possible. They usually exert more effort in keeping still to finish a certain task especially when it comes to writing so their communication skills can be affected. Reading could be a lesser trouble for them but being unable to concentrate in the task also affects their understanding as well as the acquisition of important information received in reading. b. What instructional accommodations are generally recommended for students who experience this

Puppet Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Puppet Project - Assignment Example The children that I worked with really liked making Jacob, the lion, and were making suggestions on what he should look like. They even tried the puppet on used it and made more puppets. Puppets are for learning and having fun while learning. Puppetry is a form of creative art where stitchery, weaving, painting, drawing and even mobiles can be used all together to improve children’s learning in all facets of school and home issues. Cognitive- The child will learn how to use language to express themselves through the use of puppets and stories they make up themselves. They will use their thinking skills to make their puppets, think of a story, and use their puppet to present a short play to the class. Social- The child will interact with other children while making the puppet and putting on their own puppet shows. The child will be able to start discussions and learn to follow-through till the project is completed. The child will be learning proper conversation skills. Emotional- The child will learn how to express themselves through the use of these puppets. The child overcome shyness, attention-problems and will be able to complete project to completion and make friends. Physical- The child will improve their manual dexterity when using their hands and arms to manipulate the puppets mouth. They will also in some cases learn to control their whole bodies to contol puppet depending on the size of the puppet. The will also improve hand-eye coordination when the

Self-experiences influence the dealings of a Counselor Essay

Self-experiences influence the dealings of a Counselor - Essay Example This is the reason when I met one of my clients with a similar problem, I could understand with greater depth the reason for the occurrence of sorrow. My client had a problem with her life partner. He was strict, bold and very much inclined to hurting with thoughts and actions. Just like my teacher could make be lose self-confidence in myself, the client's life-partner could severally disrupt her self-confidence. I had a special sympathy for the case and a genuine interest in helping her out. This is because my own experiences have made me aware of how painful such experiences can be. I therefore held the client's case under sincere consideration and projected every possible help that I could extend. I remember when I use to be late for the class by even a fraction of a minute; I was humiliated as though I was the most disobedient and irresponsible creature on earth. She hardly considered me as a human being with feelings. The same thing was with my client, even her little delay in c ooking food for her partner resulted in a very dominant and practically cruel feedback from him. I understand how bad and depressed a person can feel because of the generations of such negative feelings within the boundaries of survival. The client had suffered a lot because of health reasons. However, the greater source of sorrow for the client was the humiliations and dominant dealings of her partner. The inabilities to deal with harsh words were present in the client and were becoming a constant source of sorrow induction. I could understand the position of the client more so because I had similar experiences in my childhood and youth. Other than my strict teacher, my mother too held a very harsh way of dealing with me. The client too recollected from her past experiences the thoughts of pain, which had resulted in causing a painful presentation of life to her. It is also essential to note that the similarity in the dealings with the same source of sorrow could enable me to understand the position of the client with greater depth and clarity. A regular and continuous source of putting her down was creating tons of mental tortures, which were well understood by both the words, and the expressions of the client. She also remembered how her partner had humiliated her in front of her friends when she was stuck in the wheel chair and could not manage even slight movement because of the depression. She was not helped by her life-partner even in such a depressive position. This really brought much reason for her to weep bitterly. From this episode I remembered how my mother when once I was ill refused to even bring forth for me a glass of water for taking the medicine. In the unhealthy state of body, I tearfully gathered strength to take a glass of water for myself and take the medicine by self-effort. The disease was not so severe or chronic and therefore I was healed very soon from it. However, I can never forget what pain it is when a person is ill and is not being supported. The sorrow of pain of body seems less than the pain of not being helped by others. A continuous torture of words and actions had put me in such a phase that I could not even think of passing out my exams with good grades. There was so much of pain and torture in my life that I have no words to express the pain of my heart. The same was the condition of my client. My client had thought of

Well-being of the sadhu Essay Example for Free

Well-being of the sadhu Essay 1. Who is responsible for the well-being of the sadhu? What are the duties of the people involved? What action would best serve the good of everyone? No one is really responsible for someone else’s well being, it just depends on a person’s moral thinking. Therefore, there are no duties required from all the people that were involved. If everyone believed that their purpose was to help others, then everyone is responsible for his well-being. In this story, everyone had helped in a little way. For instance, the New Zealanders carried him to where McCoy was, which was then where McCoy checked for pulse and Stephen and the Swiss clothed him. Even though everyone put in a little bit of effort to help him, I believe that if they worked together as a team with their efforts combined, greater outcomes would have resulted. If fingers had to be pointed to someone who is responsible for sadhu, it would have to be the person who found him first, which was one of the New Zealanders. 2. How are the problems here similar to problems that arise in organizations every day? What kinds of sadhus do people confront in everyday life? Organizations face issues like this everyday, where they are met with obstacles that would take them longer to make it to their ultimate goal. For instance, while working on a large project, they notice something wrong. Instead of stopping to figure out how to fix it, they just keep going just for the sake of completing the task on time. Either to put ones effort individually, or make a decision to work as a team to put everyone’s efforts in as a whole. Sadhus that people are confronted with everyday life for example is a friend who is in need of help, yet if we do help them we are pushed away further from reaching our goals. Sometimes people are too focused on reaching their goal that they do not see anything else and will not help others. In  reality, while helping others, reaching their goals are still achievable, but perhaps will take a bit longer than normal.

Anti-C1q Antibodies in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus

Anti-C1q Antibodies in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Anti-C1q Antibodies in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection Ahmed Elsadek Fakhr1, Emad Abdelhamid Morad1, Marc van Ranst2, and Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim3 Abstract Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with extrahepatic manifestations the mechanism of which is thought to be immune mediated. One of the autoantibodies accused to be associated with tissue injury in immune complex disorders is anti-C1q. This might be attributed to the ability of these autoantibodies to amplify complement activation in situ. To date, there are no data describing the prevalence of anti-C1q in patients with HBV infection. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-C1q antibodies and analyze possible associations in a population with HBV infection. Materials and Methods: Serum samples were collected from a group of 145 patients with HBV infection and 33 apparently healthy controls. Anti-C1q antibodies were quantified by ELISA. Results: The levels of anti-C1q antibodies showed a highly statistically significant difference between HBV cases and controls as the mean ÂÂ ± SD were 21.28 ÂÂ ± 38.72 and 6.56 ÂÂ ± 5.73, respectively (p Conclusions: Patients with HBV infection exhibit increased production of anti-C1q antibodies. This observation may partially explain the tissue damage associated with the extrahepatic involvements of HBV. Keywords: Anti-C1q antibodies; autoantibodies; Hepatitis; Infection Background: Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-C1q antibodies and analyze possible associations in a population with HBV infection. Patients, Materials, and Methods: Ethical statement: All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consents were obtained from all subjects enrolled in the study. Study design and population: The study was performed as a case control study on 2 groups. A total of 145 patients with HBV infection were enrolled in the first group. Of the 145 patients, 65, 64, and 16 were living in Iran, Belgium, and Egypt, respectively. Patients were classified into: patients with acute hepatitis B diagnosed by seropositivity for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag) and hepatitis B core IgM (HBc-IgM), and patients with chronic hepatitis B characterized by presence of HBs-Ag and HBc-IgG. The second group included 33 apparently healthy volunteers. Patients were excluded if they had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). One mL serum was collected from all enrolled subjects and stored at -20ÂÂ °C till testing. Laboratory assessment: Anti-C1q determination in the collected serum samples was performed using commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit (QUANTA LiteTM Anti-C1q ELISA, INOVA Diagnostics, Inc., United States of America), as per the manufacturers instructions. The samples were classified as negative, low positive, moderate positive or strong positive if the anti-C1q values were 80 units, respectively. Statistical analysis: Continuous variables were expressed as the mean ÂÂ ± SD median (range), and the categorical variables were expressed as a number. Continuous variables were checked for normality by using Shapiro-Wilk test. Mann Whitney U test was used to compare between two groups of non-normally distributed variables. Kruskal Wallis h test was used to compare between more than two groups of non-normally distributed variables. A p-value

Communication Technologies For Health And Social Care Information Technology Essay

Communication Technologies For Health And Social Care Information Technology Essay In this unit the term assistive technology encompasses all technologies high tech, low tech and no tech which aid people disabled or normal to go about their daily life effectively and independently. In order to properly understand the uses and importance of Assistive Technology, some examples are sited below: A short sighted student puts on glasses so he/she can read, thus, the glasses are an assistive technology. A dyslexia patient cannot read the prescribed course texts and hence needs text-to speech software to scan and hear the words. Therefore both the scanner and the text-to-speech software are assistive technologies. Also it has being noted that managing money is not the only problem that we are being faced with in this present society. There are also problems of facilities, technologies and the need for health care professionals to work efficiently in satisfying clients wants and demands, which tends to be a vital issue. Scenario: You have been recruited to work in a care home for 3 months. The care home has a limited access and availability of todays assistive technologies. The manager introduces you to staff and residents as an experienced and valuable member of staff who has a good background in todays assistive technology that is used within the health and social care sector. Your main role is to develop an understanding of the value and the use of the assistive technologies, its applications and implications on service and service users. In relations to the above scenario write a detailed assignment covering the following points: 1 Investigate the use of and access to appropriate assistive and communication technologies for health and social care by: Describing a range of technologies and devices available for use within health and social care. Firstly, a brief introduction should be made on the meaning of Assistive Technology. These devices can be devices that substitutes or enhances physical or mental ability. According to Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Assistive Technology devices are termed as any item, piece of equipment, or product system that is used to increase, maintain or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities. These devices can be any homemade or commercially sold device which helps individuals perform some daily tasks and hence ranges from low tech to high tech (pencil grips, Braille readers, etc) In the UK, the government tend to encourage equal participation of all individuals especially those with disabilities and thus, extends the use of AT in the health and social care sectors. Prior to this, disabled personnels are considered as priorities in all cases which then lead to the term called Accommodation in the use of AT devices. WHAT THEN IS ACCOMODATION? It might sound rather daunting in using this word here, but it also plays a vital role as it relates to a way of modifying tasks for the disabled so that they can participate equally regardless of the nature of their condition. For instance, the use of calculator for a disabled student that cannot remember mathematic figures is a way of accommodating his/her present conditions. Describing a range of communications technologies available to services and service users. Analysing barriers to the use of assistive technologies in health and social care Poor short term memory in elderly ones Lower motivation and learning level present at elderly age Explaining benefits of technologies to organisations and individuals. Wellford in (Birren, J. 1959) agreed with the importance of AT which makes life easier for the elderly, but was pessimistic as well saying that these devices deteriorates rapidly as the complexity increases. also, Benefits of AT to individuals We are all aware that whenever change is being made, everyone wants to know the benefits of it to us. For instance, in the political field, different parties campaign for election, but before people cast their vote, they will like to know the manifesto and intentions of various candidates and what they have to offer which will be beneficial. Similarly, these disabled ones will like to know the benefits of these devices before they can accept it and listed below are some of the benefits of AT to individuals; Benefits of AT to an individual This can be categorized into different sections as illustrated below; Activities of daily life Inner relations Outer relations   The category applicable to individuals is the inner relations which encompasses of; Helping individuals to have a good self-esteem Building up their confidence by the use of the devices By also ensuring that they are safe from harm and risks By relieving them of some or all of their initial pains By eliminating discomfort in their lives Below are list of devices and products of different assistive technology been used. Ambulation Architectural Access Child Care Communication Computer Hardware Computer Software Ergonomics Farm Management Adaptations Health/Medical Equipment Hearing Technology Home Management Mobility Orthotics Personal Care Prosthethetics Recreation Seating Switches Therapeutic Aids Transportation Vision Technology Vocational/Educational Working Animals Ambulation canes cane accessories crutches crutch accessories walkers walker accessories Architectural Access bath tubs bathroom remodel bathroom sinks cabinets ceiling track lift chair stair lift doors/auto open drinking fountain elevators house plans kitchen remodel kitchen sinks/appliances lighting pool lifts ramps safety/security showers toilets wheelchair lifts Child Care cribs/playpens high chairs mattresses/bedding monitors strollers walkers Communication augmentative communication devices (electronic) book holders communication boards electric page turners head wands light pointers manual page turners mouth sticks personal voice amplification reading machines signal systems telephone access television adaptations typewriters typing aids writing aids Computer Hardware Braille printers computer supplies computer work stations cursor control expanded keyboards interface adaptation keyboards key guards mini keyboards other keyboards printers special computer systems tactile printers visual accessories/modifications voice recognition systems voice synthesizers Computer Software assessment/evaluation/training communication educational large print recreation/games special access switch operated talking tools/word processing/database voice recognition Ergonomics arm/wrist supports back supports CRT access ergo joystick industrial workstations office workstations seat/chair tools Hearing Technology alert/signal systems audio loop systems FM amplification systems Hearing aids infrared amplification systems personal amplification systems TDDs/TTYs telephone adaptations TV amplifiers TV decoders Home Management beds/mattresses food preparation housekeeping lift chairs/lift cushions other furniture protective bed/padding shopping aids special pillows Health/Medical Equipment blood pressure/pulse diabetic equipment dispenser aids other medical equipment pressure monitors scales signal systems stethoscopes thermometers Mobility adult bikes/trikes adult light weight adult travel chairs car seats/bed child light weight hand operated trikes manual stretchers manual wheelchair patient chairs portable ramps power stretchers powered standing wheelchair powered wheelchair recliner sports/racing standing wheelchair strollers three-wheeled mobility devices travel chairs Orthotics braces foot orthotics helmets restraints splints supports Personal Care bathing accessories carrying dishes/utensils drinking feeding accessories feeding devices grab bars/grips/handles grooming hygiene incontinent supplies mechanical transfer lift reaching shower/bath chair smoking stationary commode toileting accessories transfer board wheeled bath chair/commode Seating bolster chairs corner chairs decubitis cushion other cushions other therapeutic seats postural support hardware postural support systems pressure monitors wheelchair cushion Switches mounting hardware other switches wheelchair controls Therapeutic Aids ambulation training balance training crawling/scooting elevated mat tables exercise equipment fine motor gross motor hydrotherapy mats pain relief Para podiums perceptual motor positioning prone standers rolls/inclines sensory integration sexual aids side lying boards stand tables strengthening supine standers treatment tables upright frames Transportation assistive accessories driving controls motorcycles/conversions ramps seat belts vehicle access vehicle conversions vehicles wheelchair lifts wheelchair loaders/carriers wheelchair restraint systems Vision Technology braille clocks/watches labeling large button phone large print books magnification systems magnifiers sensors/safety/security speaker phone taped/audio books calculators other devices talking equipment Vocational/Educational adjustable tables classroom equipment education/instruction literature/books office equipment tools vocational assessment/training work station/desks (Word Count: 1250 Words) 2 Analyze how technology can be applied to support independent living by: 2.1 Analyzing how the use of assistive technologies may support independent living. As we all know, AT can only be beneficial if the solutions have a usability value for the individual end user. Prior to this, clients who also are humans have different needs in life which they will want to be respected and considered when introducing any device to them. These needs are classified as below: Physical (body) -Basics (food warmth, shelter), Protection, Medication Intellectual (Mind) Education, Stimulation Emotional (feelings) Support, love, respect Social (people) friends, mixing with others, seeing friends family, translators, Cultural-Ethnicity, religion, festivals, dress, language, diet, prayer times, community magazine From the above, we can now ensure that all or some of these needs are considered when providing devices for them. Fortunately for us and them as well, different ATs have being developed which supports them in the following ways; Different ways in which AT supports individuals Moving about in the home Knowing what clothes to put on Lifting up and holding a child Getting up in the morning Opening and shutting windows Understanding and being understood Dressing and undressing Managing incontinence Moving about for shopping and banking Making food to eat Managing medication Driving Playing various games Access to educational material and school Access to media Access to computers and regular software Weeding of garden, etc. 2.2 Evaluating the use of assistive technology for one specific health and social care service user. Making recommendations of how assistive technologies might enhance services for individuals with specific health and social care need Conclusions cannot just be made on how AT is important to the disbled without firstly, acknowledging that its efficiency is based on some criterions like; Characteristics of the individuals user Characteristics of the AT in use The service delivery process The integration of provision services into rehabilitation strategy (Word Count: 1000 Words) 3 Evaluate implications of developments in assistive technologies which have potential for application in health and social care by: Describing health and safety considerations in the use of assistive technologies. Analyzing ethical considerations in the use of assistive technologies. Describing the impact of recent and emerging technological developments on health and social care services, organizations and workers. Suggest how assistive technologies might influence the role or workers in health and social care in the future. (Word Count: 1000 Words)

The Importance of Self-image in Hamlet Essay examples -- GCSE English

The Importance of Self-image in Hamlet  Ã‚   Self-image plays a big role in how people act. Hamlet’s inability to know himself or to understand his own motives leads to the restless battles between right and wrong in his conscience, which is the reason for his unpredictable tragic actions, and behaviors. Hamlets’ confusion is clearly shown in his soliloquies. His confused mind can be broken into five categories. Hamlet suffers from his own moral standards, the desperate need to seek the truth, lack of confidence and trust in his own impulses, self-hatred, and melancholy. Each of these categories contribute to Hamlet’s troubled mind. Hamlet based a lot of his actions on his religious moral standards. Although Hamlet had high morals, he still had many impulses that were against his moral standards that he wanted to carry out; such as the murder of his father and his thoughts on suicide. "His canon 'gainst self-slaughter! O God, God, how weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable seem to me all the uses of this world!" (I, ii, 36-138) Hamlet is saying that if it wasn't against his religion to commit suicide, he would do it. In his fourth soliloquy, Hamlet says, "Thus, conscience does make coward of us all." (III, i, 91) Hamlet blames his inability to act out his impulses on these moral standards that have been ingrained into his conscience. He finds the restrictions in his world unbearable because it is confined within religious and social class barriers. As a young man, Hamlet's mind is full of many questions about the events that occur during his complicated life. This leads to the next two categories of his mind. His need to seek the truth and his lack of confidence in his own impulses. Hamlets’ confusion in what he wants to ... ...tude of the medieval men in his time. He thinks a lot, considers his motivations and finds evidence for his fathers’ deed before he executes his actions. This is why Hamlet couldn’t understand himself, his character differs from the typical man of his times and therefore his motives will be different too. Hamlet lost his confidence and therefore couldn’t decide on whether to act or not since he lost his understanding of himself. So therefore, a little corruption in Hamlet’s world, mixed with his characteristics that just weren’t right his time lead him to his tragic end; as a result of his actions and inactions. In conclusion, confidence in ourselves can lead us to do great and reasonable things. Losing that self-assurance will lead us to become indecisive and weak individuals. This corruption of character can ultimately lead to a tragic decline in our ideal world.   

J.P. Morgan and Ragtime Essay -- essays research papers

John Pierpont Morgan: The turn of the century in American, when E.L. Doctorow’s novel Ragtime is set, was a time marked by rapid technological developments and industrialization. These years also brought a heavy flood of immigrants as well as an increasingly urban American landscape. Technological advancements enabled increased efficiency and mass production. However, Doctorow clearly brings into question the consequences of this new technology for the average American worker. J.P. Morgan's discussion with Henry Ford about the assembly line’s innovations brings this debate to the front. Doctorow writes, "From these principles Ford established the final proposition of the theory of industrial manufacture - not only that the parts of the finished product be interchangeable, but that the men who build the products be themselves interchangeable parts" (113). Here Doctorow clearly addresses the potential for technology to undermine the value of the individual and his abilities. Banker and industrialist John Pierpont Morgan was one of the world's foremost financial figures in the decades before World War I. He organized railroads and formed the United States Steel Corporation. His wealth and financial management skills were so considerable that he was able to steer the United States Treasury from the brink of disaster. Morgan was born in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1837, and educated at the University of Gottingen in Germany. In 1871, with members of the Drexel family of Philadelphia, he organized the New York banking firm of Drexel, Morgan & Company. It began lending vast sums to railroad builders and industrial corporations in the 1880s and was later reorganized as J.P. Morgan and Company. As noted by Erin Arvedlund, he was a â€Å"natural born financier [and] loved spreading his bank account among dozens of different foreign currencies.† John Pierpont Morgan and his father established a firm that was later to be known as J.P. Morgan & Co. Throughout Ragtime, E.L. Doctorow constantly refers to the economic status of the families and immigrants. J.P. Morgan’s companies and firms were large employers of these immigrants. His achievements in finance and business greatly affected the families in this novel. Money was something that could break a family apart if it was nonexistent. In 1857, John Pierpont Morgan’s father, Junius Morgan, decided to broaden... ...d genius that man possessed† (Lindstrom). John Pierpont Morgan is considered one of the founding fathers of the modern United States economy. Despite conflicting opinion on his persona, his influence and character shaped the business world more so than any other person at the turn of the century. Morgan was â€Å"a banker, railroad czar, industrialist, financier, philanthropist, yachtsman, and ladies' man† (Jones). He was an industrial genius that is accredited with the founding of many companies including General Electric and AT&T. However, Morgan is looked upon as â€Å"a saint and demon the same† (Arvedlund). He received a honorary degree from Harvard university that read: Public citizen, patron of literature and art, prince among merchants, who by his skill, wisdom and courage, has twice in times of stress repelled a national danger of financial panic. Arvedlund, Erin. Unmasking J.P. Morgan. 2000. 9 Apr. 2003 Doctorow, E.L. Ragtime. New York: Plume, 2003. â€Å"John Pierpont Morgan.† Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 2001 Standard. 2003. Jones, Lisa L. A Collector’s Portait: John Pierpont Morgan (1837-1913). 2003. 9 Apr. 2003 Lindstrom, Diane. John Pierpont Morgan. 2003. 9 Apr. 2003 .

Knowledge Based Systems

What is a knowledge-based system? A system which is built around a knowledge base. i. e. a collection of knowledge, taken from a human, and stored in such a way that the system can reason with it. Example: System: What is the patient's name? User: George Smith System: What is the patient's age? User: 52 years System: Is the patient male or female? User: Male System: What are the symptoms? User: Headache dizziness upset stomach high fever System: When did these symptoms first appear? User: 23/03/2002System: I conclude that the patient has a viral infection , my recommendation is that he should take two aspirin, drink plenty of fluid, get lots of rest. What is knowledge? Knowledge is the sort of information that people use to solve problems. Knowledge includes facts, concepts, procedures, models, heuristics, etc. Knowledge may be: * specific or general * exact or fuzzy * procedural or declarative What is an expert system? * A particular kind of knowledge-based system * One in which the knowledge, stored in the knowledge base, has been taken from an expert in some particular field.Therefore, an expert system can, to a certain extent, act as a substitute for the expert from whom the knowledge was taken. What is Artificial Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence (AI) is concerned with exploring such aspects of human (and other animal) mental activity as: * understanding * creativity * Perception * problem-solving * consciousness * using language * Intelligence by simulating them using computers. It is therefore closely connected with such social sciences as: * psychology * linguistics * philosophy Applied Artificial IntelligenceWhat is applied AI? Applied AI is concerned with producing software which is â€Å"intelligent† It is intelligent in that it is based on what we know about human reasoning and other mental abilities We are therefore talking about a branch of advanced computing – computer technology – rather than social science Knowledge eng ineering The term â€Å"knowledge engineering† is often used to mean the process of designing, building and installing an expert system or other knowledge-based system. Some authors use the term to mean just the knowledge acquisition phase. ExpertsAn expert is an experienced practitioner in his/her particular field. More than that, he/she is a highly effective problem-solver and decision-taker in that field. Experts have three qualities: * They make good decisions * They make those decisions quickly * They are able to cope with a wide range of problems. Experts and expert systems Note that: The task that an expert system performs will generally be regarded as difficult. An expert system almost always operates in a rather narrow field of knowledge. The field of knowledge is called the knowledge domain of the system.There are many fields where expert systems can usefully be built. There are also many fields where they can’t. Note also that an expert can usually explain a nd justify his/her decisions. Reasons for building an E. S. One might build an expert system for any or all of the following reasons: * To archive an expert’s knowledge, to insure against the day when he/she leaves, or retires, or dies. * To disseminate his/her knowledge, so that it is available in more (possibly many more) places than the location of the expert. * To ensure uniformity of advice/decisions. As a basis for training other specialists. Advantages of expert systems E. S. have the following advantages over human experts: * The knowledge is permanent * The knowledge is easily replicated * The knowledge is represented explicitly, and can be evaluated * The system is consistent – whereas human practitioners have bad days, computers don’t. * Once built, running costs are low Disadvantages of expert systems a) Developing an expert system usually costs a great deal of time & money b) Historically, there has been a high failure rate in E.S. projects * The pr oject may well fail during development – most likely during the â€Å"knowledge acquisition† phase. * The development may succeed, but the organisation may fail to accept and use the finished system. c) A human expert can update his/her knowledge in the light of * Common sense * Knowledge derived from other domain * Contacts with other experts. An expert system can’t. Choosing an E. S. project a) Because of cost, and the danger of failure, it is important that E. S. projects are carefully chosen. ) The expense must be justified, in the light of the possible benefits. c) E. S. technology must be appropriate a. the right kind of expertise is involved b. Make sure it isn’t a problem which conventional programming could do better. d) Management, and the participants, must support the project fully. Possible expert systems – case histories For discussion; The following seven problem areas may, or may not, be suitable for computerisation as expert system s. * A certain third world country has a large population, very few trained doctors, and insufficient resources to train many more.It is proposed to provide paramedics, who can be trained relatively cheaply and easily, with medical kits and portable PCs, each PC to be loaded with an expert system that can advise on the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of common diseases. * The housing department in a provincial English town is overworked, although the staff turnover is quite low. Much of the work the staff do involves interviewing clients, and there is a clear pattern of questioning (which varies to a limited degree, depending on the circumstances of the client). It is proposed to build an expert system, which will direct the questioning process. A firm of wine importers relies heavily on its chief wine expert, who is skilled at selecting wines that are destined to be popular, on the basis of their taste, colour, scent etc. She is soon to retire. It is proposed to build an exper t system that will enable any of several junior wine specialists to do her job. * An education authority has a severe shortage of primary school teachers. It is proposed that an expert system should be built which can do the job of teaching English and arithmetic to five year old children. * A software company proposes to build an expert system which can perform book-keeping for small commercial concerns. A large manufacturer of diesel electric locomotives has problems in providing enough maintenance personnel who are sufficiently skilled to locate faults in these (highly complex) locomotives. They propose to build an expert system which can perform fault location on such a machine. * A mineral exploitation company wishes to extend its operations, which involve searching for hitherto undiscovered deposits of valuable metal ores. It is short of trained geologists. It proposes to build an expert system which can assess a geological site and come to a conclusion about how likely it is that there is a worthwhile mineral deposit there.

Case Study: Limits on Credit Checks Essay

The use of credit checks and their true measure on a person’s ability to perform a job is debatable. With more and more companies requesting pre-employment credit checks, fewer and fewer applicants are able to secure positions. The lack of securing work is leading to more applicants having poor credit scores and these poor credit scores then affect the jobs they can acquire. There is a vicious cycle starting that could lead to even more economic problems. Credit score can be very situational and deceiving when all the facts are not present. There are many reasons someone could have poor credit history such as; unforeseen medical bills, their credit card was stolen, or there could be a mistake by the credit-reporting agency. These could all change the company’s view on your credit. On the other hand, companies generally do not consider just the credit standings in hiring. The company may also use background tests and drug testing. Now that so many companies are using cre dit as a selection method, states have started to step in and consider prohibiting the use of an applicants credit in respect to hiring. There are four states that do not allow the use of credit and eighteen more looking at banning it. States see this as â€Å"discrimination based on credit history†, or as a civil rights issue since minorities generally have lower credit scores. Keep in mind that the company has to have signed permission to get one credit score, so the applicant does not have to give permission. When one does go forward with the credit check, it is important for them to know that the company does not get their full report or even the scoring. There are many factors for why a company may want to use credit. With so many companies having to deal with fraud and theft, it is easy to see why they are taking a proactive stance. Companies use the general thought that people with bad credit are more likely to steal from them than those that do not. Unfortunately, there are no studies to support this reasoning, thus leading to misconceptions of what could be a highly qualified applicant. 1. How well do you think credit checks meet the effectiveness criteria of (a) reliability; (b) validity; (c) ability to generalize results; (d) high utility; and (e) legality? a. Reliability is something that can in some ways be determined in a credit check. Can and does this person pay their bills on time shows how reliable they are for payment. It does not, on the other hand, show one’s reliability in the work  place. A credit check will not tell an employer if a person will be reliable to show up to work on time every day. The employer should understand that unreliable credit could be a result of an unknown situation, thus not relying to heavily on one aspect of one’s history. b. A credit check has little to no validity on someone’s willingness or ability to perform a job or task. It would be nearly impossible to determine if a person can do a job based on whether or not one pays monthly bills in a timely manner. A credit check doesn’t determine I.Q., knowledge of sales techniques, or body strength, thus demonstrating there is no validity in measuring one’s credit score to establish the ability to perform any job or task. An employer would be ill advised to use a credit check in consideration of the skill(s) need to perform in the work place. c. Credit checks are very generalizable when looking at hiring an individual for jobs dealing with money. Can a person who cannot be responsible for their own money management, be responsible for a company’s money? A company can generalize that an individual with a history of money problem could be more likely to steal and or commit fraud. Generalizing can also create a false impression of a good and responsible person. Credit checks do not explain the reasoning for their bad credit, such as identity theft or medical bills. While it is easy to accept generalizations as a way to measure ones susceptibility to theft, understanding the reasoning for the lack of responsible payment may provide a more adequate insight into one’s character. d. The utility or the cost of the credit check verses the benefit of the information gain in the credit check differ s in the job position. If the company were hiring for a low-level mail clerk it would not be cost effective to pay for the credit history, but if one is hiring for a Chief Financial Officer than the utility would be high and would make economic sense. The company must consider the financial burden and weigh it against the validity of the information gained when using the credit checks as a hiring recourse. e. The legality of using a credit check for a tool for hiring has become very controversial, thus leading to the practice being banned in many states. There are currently 4 states, Hawaii, Illinois, Oregon, and Washington that ban the use of credit checks for pre-employment usage. There are 14 others states that have or are considering banning the use as well. There are other considerations of legality such does it cause discrimination or breaking the  equal opportunity employment laws. Companies should look at every job independently and make sure the job justifies the need for a credit check and that they meet all legal obligations in doing so. 2. For what kind of jobs might a credit check be a useful selection method? For what kind of jobs would it be unhelpful, inappropriate, or unethical? A credit check might be helpful method of selection when hiring for a position that require managing money for a company such as an accountant. Companies may also find it helpful when hiring a position that deals with the allocation of money, the assessment of risk with the company’s money or budgeting of company funds. A credit check might be telling of the candidate’s reliability with money and or their willingness to risk financial ruin. Checking of an applicants credit could be unhelpful, inappropriate, or unethical when hiring for jobs that have nothing to do with handling accounts or company money, such as a construction worker. It could unhelpful when prompting an employee that has been with the company for a substantial amount of time, this could make the employee feel untrusted and lead to lack of loyalty to the c ompany. It would be inappropriate to have a credit check run on a minor employee. He or she most likely has no credit history and may not understand what they are allowing the company to check. The practice could be considered unethical if the company is using this as a tool to discriminate against a minority or someone who is disabled. 3. Imagine you are an HR manager at a company operating in a state where credit checks of job applicants have been banned. What other selection methods could you use to pick honest and responsible employees? An HR manager could use selections methods such as honesty test, background checks, and drug testing. One would also want to check references from past employers and educational institutes. It is also a good tool to have enough time with the applicant to get a sense of whom they are and conducting a working interview can help the interviewer to get a feel for the applicants. A situational interview could be helpful in determining how one might react in di fferent circumstances. How Would a Manager from the Information in this Case? The information in this case could help managers weigh the need for credit checks in their personnel selections. They can reference the pros and cons to the reliability, validity and utility of the credit checks as a device in hiring. Managers could also see that the generalizations that come with credit checks may cause them to lose a very viable candidate. Managers will see from this case that credit history can be deceiving when all the information is not available to them. For example if the manager does not know that an applicant’s identity was stolen and that is why their credit appears to be poor than the manger could misjudge the person and lose out on a potentially great employee. The manager could also learn that doing credit checks could lead to prospective legal problems if not handled with care. There are many acts taken against companies for using credit checks as a selection method. Making sure that laws are followed correctly and that the company does not discriminate against anyone can be tricky in the use of credit checks. Many feel that credit checks are discriminating because minorities tend to have lower scores than non-minority groups. No company wants that kind of allegation against them, thus the decision to use credit checks must be considered carefully. A manager could learn that while credit checks are one way to decide on whom to hire it is not the only way and probably not the most just way. References Arnoldy B. (2007). The spread of the credit check as civil rights issues. The Christian Science Monitor. Received from http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0118/p01s03-ussc.html Johnston S. (2011). Can bad credit ruin your job search? Received from http://www.bankrate.com/finance/personal-finance/can-bad-credit-ruin-your-jobsearch.aspx Noe R., Hollenbeck J., Gerhart B.& Wright P. (2011). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management. (4th Ed.) New York. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Rosen L. (2011, April 5) 18 U.S. states consider legislation to limit credit checks for employment screening background checks. [Blog]. Retrieved from http://hr.toolbox.com/blogs/background-checks/18-us-states-consider-legislation-to-limitcredit-checks-for-employment-screening-background-checks-45600

Project Management Essay

Moving forward to begin the process of managing the trade show project for LRH Products, it is important that all aspects of the process are performed correctly and efficiently. After studying the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) and the nine knowledge areas, I have ascertained that the following three areas are of utmost importance to the success of this project: Project Time Management, Project Human Resource Management, and Project Communications Management. Project Time Management, which contains the sub-areas of Activity Definition, Activity Sequencing, and Activity Duration Estimating is a very important part of planning for the trade show. Activity Definition is perhaps the most crucial aspect of this area. If this step is not thoroughly researched and all scenarios accounted for, it can impact the rest of the planning activities. It is essential to remember that training is one activity which must be properly time managed and added to the schedule, as well. Even one forgotten item can put the entire project behind schedule. Unfortunately, if time is not managed properly, there can be no extensions to the trade show date. Activity Sequencing is a bit less important although it must also be given careful consideration. Oftentimes, the performance of one activity hinges on the completion of another so little regard to this area could also impact the time to achieve all required activities. Activity Duration Estimating can be one of the trickiest parts of the planning process, especially for a new manager who has no first-hand experience dealing with the assigned personnel and little or no knowledge of resource availability. Oftentimes, managers will respond to questions regarding time in an optimistic manner, believing that this is what their superiors want to hear. It does no good to anyone involved to seriously underestimate the amount of time required and can add undue stress to those assigned tasks with no hope of completing them according to schedule as well as detrimentally affecting motivation and commitment. It is vital to always allow enough time to accomplish all that needs to be done – as well as accounting for changes which may hamper progress. Of course, as uncertainty declines, the time estimate becomes ever more accurate (Billows, 2006). Project Human Resource Management entails Organizational Planning, Staff Acquisition, and Team Development. This is important in that one person cannot perform all tasks and requires the help of a team. According to Trade Show Advisor (2008), â€Å"†¦the effectiveness of your exhibit team can make or break your success at any given show†. Deciding on who is best equipped to handle each activity is vital, although when large amounts of personnel are needed (depending on the size of the trade show) it may be necessary to train staff members who might not have prior experience. Particularly for a new manager, it is best to assign tasks based on areas of strength; for instance, it is known that Pat enjoys updating the collateral. This is a perfect assignment for Pat, then, and the effective manager will base goal times on completion around this employee’s schedule vacation in order to ensure it is performed effectively. Dealing with Terry, who can make travel arrangements but often makes mistakes in setting them up, means additional time considerations to perform follow-up on Terry’s work to check for accuracy. Staff Acquisition is another area of consideration. Due to the limited amount of time each assigned employee is available to devote to the project and keeping in mind that unexpected circumstances, such as illness or personal emergencies may occur, it is always wise to have a selection of personnel from which to select as back-up. Ensuring that all staff members are on the same page and communicating frequently will aid in Team Development. Everyone involved must realize that this project is a team effort and commit to doing whatever is necessary to accomplish goals. As well, it is critical to encourage honest and open communication so that there are no surprises as the project nears its end. Staff members must know that it is all right to admit they are not going to make a deadline, in order for the project manager to come up with alternatives before it is too late to fix. Project Communications Management is by far the most important area of the project management plan. A loss of, or breakdown in, communication can have disastrous results for the entire project. If not properly managed, lost or missing communication can mean the staff attending the show are unprepared, or do not have the necessary resources. Within this broad category are the areas of Communication Planning, Information Distribution, Performance Reporting, and Administrative Closure. Communication Planning – deciding who needs to know what – is a topic best addressed carefully. It takes the ability to look at the big picture to best determine who must stay in the loop. Oftentimes, it is assumed that a minor player, such as an administrative assistant, need not be communicated with as much, or as often, as others, but this can be a fatal mistake. Remember that support staff left behind during the trade show itself are the only lifeline between clients and absent sales managers. It is also a good idea to have one staff member who is not attending the show to be fully informed of all activities in the project. Information Distribution is also a key component, especially when deciding how to communicate vital information. It is important to ensure that all team members receive communications in a timely manner and let the project manager know it has been received to avoid later problems or excuses. Similarly, Progress Reporting is an additional area in which it is vital to ensure the manager is working with the most up-to-date information and that all personnel are aware of how their progress, or lack thereof, impacts the entire project. Administrative Closure is the final step in communication of the project. This is where the manager is held accountable for the success of the trade show and the resulting sales leads which must be followed up on after its conclusion.

Google the Best Company Essay

The competition is steep for any company seeking to become one of the Best, and certainly for any company that shows up in the #1 slot. Yet Google chose a great role model to help them create the special culture that has supported their success. While definitely creating and following their own path, leaders at Google also turned to Genentech (#1 on the Best Companies list in 2006) as a source of ideas and wisdom to guide their growth as a company. And they have grown well, with confidence that their unique culture and approach to work life have contributed to the overall suc- cess of the organization. In their Culture Audit (a key component of the Best Com- panies evaluation process) they state, â€Å"There is no hard data that can ever prove that a free lunch and a multicultural, campus-like environment con- tribute to the organization’s success and profit. What can be proven is that Google is growing at an immense pace – retention of employees is high, attrition is low and revenues are strong ($6. 1B in 2005). People are eager to work at Google and applications to our job openings are exceedingly high (approximately 1,300 resumes a day). † Google’s employees confirm what is reported in the Culture Audit, with 95% of the employees who responded to the employee survey part of the Best Companies evaluation process saying, â€Å"Taking everything into account I’d say this is a great place to work. That’s an extraordinary sentiment for a fast paced, stressful yet exhilarating work environment. Even people who leave Google to try something different do so reluctantly (SF Chronicle, 1/7/07). Google’s leaders have figured out the formula that works for them by treating people with respect, supporting their creative endeavors, and working hard to adhere to their motto of â€Å"Don’t be evil†. It’s not magic, or rocket science or paternalism or entitlement. In some ways it is plain common sense. As they explain in their Culture Audit: â€Å"Our employees, who call themselves Googlers, are everything. Google is organized around the ability to attract and leverage the talent of exceptional technolo- gists and business people. We have been lucky to recruit many creative, principled and hard working stars. We hope to recruit many more in the future. As we have from the start, we will reward and treat them well. â€Å"

A Chip of Glass Ruby Responses

A Chip Of Glass Ruby Written Responses 11. I would describe Bamjee as aloof and proud. Aloof because he doesn’t show his emotions very much or say how he’s feeling or talk to his stepchildren very much. Showing his true feelings only this one time, Bamjee reveals his opinions when the police come to arrest his wife for participating in and promoting a cause that he is opposed to. Before and after that outburst of his though he really is rather distant and detached from his family and what’s going on.As aloof as Bamjee is, he is also quite proud. He is proud that wealthy and influential people are coming and going through his house, but he is even more proud of his ethnicity. He is proud because he is Indian which means he is of a higher social status than the Bantu. 12. When Mrs. Bamjee was taken away by the police she reminded Bamjee about Ismail’s, Mrs. Bamjee’s daughter Girlie’s fiance’s, engagement party.This shows that even in the midst of the arrest she keeps her cool and remains the good and normal wife that Bamjee fell in love with by reminding him of something as insignificant as an engagement party. Protesting and promoting equality, she is still a simple Indian woman who wants the best for her family and to respect the values of others (in this case, making sure not to offend Ismail by not showing up to his party). 13. In South Africa the social classes are prominent barricades from equality in the country.Having the highest social status, the whites remain the most powerful while the Indians, like Bamjee, are below them and even lower are the Bantu, the native people of South Africa. Bamjee considers himself better than the Bantu and this is showed in the story when he snaps at her â€Å"There you are! That’s what you’ve got for it. † ‘It’ referring to her helping organize the protests and getting involved in the issues of the Bantu. Another part of the story that dem onstrates Bamjee’s belief of his superiority over the Bantu is after Mrs.Bamjee has been arrested and gone for two weeks. Bamjee is talking to himself out of rage saying â€Å"For a crowd of natives who’ll smash our shops and kill us in our houses when their time comes. †, â€Å"She will starve herself to death. †, â€Å"She will die there. †, â€Å"Devils who will burn and kill us. † Clearly he believes that his wife must not be acting so ridiculous for people she is better than and clearly he believes the Bantu to be devilish creatures.

The Pros and Cons of Organ Donation the Giving and Receiving Research Paper

The Pros and Cons of Organ Donation the Giving and Receiving - Research Paper Example Adoption of unhealthy lifestyle practices has led to failure of organs in various individuals and the list of those who are on the receiving end out way the number of people who are on the donating end. In this paper, the emphasis will be on the benefits and cons of donating organs and receiving organs as donation. Body Benefits Various individuals have experienced failure of organ either due to their own ill practices or due to natural health deteriorating conditions. If these people are able to successfully obtain a transplant of their failed organs, they can obtain a second chance to live and continue to be operating in a productive manner by eradicating and solving their past mistakes. There are several organs that can be transplanted and research is being conducted to increase the number of tissues and organs that can be transplanted. Becoming a donor whether living or dead can be a satisfying experience as by donating one would not only be saving one life, he/she might even be bringing smiles to several faces associated with the person requiring a donation (Bramstedt, 2011, p.153). Donating organs after end of life can leave a satisfactory remark on a deceased individual’s family while they are in the grieving process. ... The people who should be considered as most deserving are those who have been waiting for several years. While making the decision from an ethical standpoint, one should decide whom to donate while taking into consideration the utilitarian rule of ethics. The utilitarian rule of ethics suggests that actions that result in the highest amount of benefits to the society should be considered over those actions that result in lower amount of benefits and higher amount of costs (Kanniyakonil, 2007, p.67). While keeping this view in mind, the organ should be donated to those who have high number of people dependant on them and the organ should be given to those who have more years available to live. Organs are even useful after life, they can be useful for those who are still alive. Keeping this in mind one can even opt to donate his/her organs after he/she dies. Costs Organ transplantation can have several benefits; similarly, there are several risks and costs associated with this procedur e. One of the major risks associated with organ transplantation is the procedure through which the organ is transplanted. Organ transplantation requires a major surgery for both the donor and the person who is on the receiving end. Any complications can arise during the procedure and these complications can result in lifelong impairments. Even if the surgery is completed successfully and without any complications, still the donor may face loss of productivity and absence from work, huge amount of pain during the operation and even during the recovery session and cost of medications that are required to assist in recovery. Although an individual has abundant amount of tissues and cells and he/she can share them to perform a good deed, but

How Technology Can Assist in Achieving Transparency in a Global Supply Essay

How Technology Can Assist in Achieving Transparency in a Global Supply Chain - Essay Example Global supply chain mainly deals with transportation of products to a plethora of countries rather than local or nationwide orientation. The prime objective is to create net worth, competitive transportation and to meet up with supply along with demand of the customers. Along with these, the total cost involved in the transportation of products should also be quite reasonable, in order to retain its market share among others (Mentzer, 2001). Hence, in order to sustain in this era of globalization and industrialization, it is essential to implement innovative technologies, information technology (IT) strategies along with modern equipments to ease the difficulties associated with supply chain. Due to globalization and offshore sourcing, the issues related to global supply chain is becoming more significant and striking in this recent era. Thus, in order to ensure sustainability, every organization related with logistics is attempting to implement innovative IT technologies and policie s in order to remain competitive in the market. It is essential as it would facilitate in reducing varied problems namely shipping time, charge of required space, tariffs, local cost of the labors and weather conditions among others. Due to the above mentioned problems, both the customers and the dealers have to face varied consequences which even include cancellation of the contract at times. Thus, in order to solve these problems, the global supply chain organizations are attempting to implement IT strategies and systems such as online websites (Mentzer, 2001). Implementation of IT strategies would facilitate the customers to purchase or book the products with the help of online websites. It would ease the problem related with the transportation of the products from one place to the other. Hence, it would also reduce the total expenditure of an organization as well as the customers, which would rather prove beneficial for both. Furthermore, with the help of E-procurement and E-sou rcing techniques, varied organizations can easily connect to various reputed suppliers and distributors in a single span of time, which is quite noteworthy (Epiq Technologies, Inc, 2010). It would also help to reduce the cost incurrence of the organizations thereby improving the total revenue. Moreover, the introduction of E-purchasing technique would also facilitate to enhance customer awareness and responsiveness thereby augmenting corporate image and brand identity for an organization in the market. Moreover, by the implementation of E-sourcing software, the entire business operations can be mapped and operated with a single electronic machine in a particular place thus reducing the cost of traveling. It would also help in utilization of the total time in productive work which would increase the efficiency and the profitability of an organization. It would rather prove beneficial for the organization as well as the employees (Epiq Technologies, Inc, 2010). With the help of techno logical aspects such as IT, the global supply chain organizations can also offer varied discounts strategies on the packaging quantities in order to attract additional customers, which would be beneficial for the organizations. Hence, it would help to improve the total revenue of the organization in the market. Apart from the above mention